scouting – damien aff / calhoun neg judge: d heidt
1nc:
-plan vagueness
-topicality – to is exclusive, must be to governments
-k – below
-inflation disad
Calhoun topicality:
Reuben, 02 rethinking African development “for the records, the number ngos in Tanzania….under the national council of ngos”
Damien topicality 2ac:
Plan is topical – it is us pha provided trhough grant partners
USAID 11/5/07 eastafrica.usaid.gov “usaid conducts competition for contracts, grants and cooperative agreements….overseas as American aid”
This is consistent with how aid actually works – most is through third parties
Engber, 05 slate.com “on Thursday, the u.s. state department announced a 50 million….if often minimally involved”
T 2ac;
Wm shinn proves is pha
Wm: usaid and engber prove its our assistance ---- china works for us when we purchase services
Specifically its us assistance
Patrick, 12/11/07 chinaaff.blogspot.com email to author “thanks for your query….this is my instinct”
Ci affs bilateral assistance, list their partners, and have an advocate
Cida 6 acdi-cida.gc.ca “bilateral assistance refers to….recipient government organizations”
Wm: shinn is our adv and nm is contracting pha
Imva, 11/5 __www.imva.org__ “bilateral agencies are governmental….contract with usaid”
Ol: core cases use partners
Pepfar
Heller 9/5 google “a mirror image problem …. As well as microeconomic differences”
Health workers
Ahca 07 govtrack.us “the president is authorized to provide assistance…human health care capacity”
Family planning
Gao 97 “usaid’s office of population manages a substantial….participating cooperating agencies”
Disease surveillance
Gootnick, 07 hsgac.senate.gov “gdd is cdc’s primary effort…related to potential outbreaks”
Water
Wpa 05 govtrack.us “to provide assistance under section 135…..and other appropriate entities”
We’re direct asst
Copson, 9/5 crs issue brief “u.s. assistance finds its way….their own programs”
Empirically true
Vaishnav, 12/12/07 chinaaff.blogspot.com - additional email
Calhoun K 1nc
Africa is the newest arena for ameircan expansion of power
Lee, 11/19/07 the nation “with little scrutiny from democrats….25 percent by 2015”
Heg denies Africa a voice,
Chesterman, 97 melbourne journal of politics “today confronted by the hope and terror…..are no foreigners”
Security is a justification for intervening and control Africa guarantees an endless cycle of wars to keep secure
Agamben 01 theory and event “today we are facing an extreme….control them once they occur”
Assistance is tool of the powerful to control Africa
Hudson, 03 super imperialism “u.s. aid strategy thus has been…regimes of brazil and Ghana”
Locals can solve nay African problems – aid crowds out locals
Brea, 7/3/07 american.com “Kenyan economist james shikwati….scientists or enterprenuers”
Refusing pha: leaders accept responsibility for taking care of the African people
Africa focus , 7/17/06 africafocus.org “in this report we show that almost half….experiencing poverty first hand”
Damien Round 4
Aff Damien vs. Neg Coppel
Aff: Give aid to Chinese medical teams in SSA
1NC:
Topicality PHA = Government to government
Topicality substantial = $1billion
Topicality to = exclusively to Africa
Agent Specification
Consult Egypt CP
Bush Good law of the sea DA
Pan Kritik (China threat con)
Development K (Escobar)
Aff read a space colonization good add on, realtions with china key to space colonization
block goes for:
CP and T substantial
2nr goes for:
T substantial
Damien Aff
Round # 2
vs Team: Grapevine
Judge: Jonathan Paul
Plan Text
The USFG should pass legislation substantially increasing assistance to topically designated areas through the provision of grants for Chinese Provinvial Health Bureau Medical Team Programs in topically designated areas.
1ac w/ cites
Obs. 1
China is racing to increase influence and aid in Africa. They view it as a critical national security objective.
Bates Gill, Chair in China Studies at CIS, 2007, China Security Summer, Vol 3 No. 3
“China’s emergence…global influence”
The US is massively increasing aid and influence
Bates Gill, Chair in China Studies at CIS, 2007, China Security Summer, Vol 3 No. 3
“China’s ambitious…oil imports.”
Third, the problem is that there is no substantial cooperation between the two.
Bates Gill, Chair in China Studies at CIS, 2007, China Security Summer, Vol 3 No. 3
“Up to now,…into that commitment.”
Advantage 1: Medical Teams
Lack of US finding collapses China’s ability to send medical teams.
David Schinn, “Out of the Box Idea: China, Africa, and the US Health Care Cooperation” 2006
“The time as come to think out of the box…their overseas medical team obligations.”
Second, this collapses China’s ability to build good will in Africa and prevents them from opening new export markets. Africa is key to china’s future.
Von Wuewu Gu, “China Returns to Africa” 11-9-05, “The Limited Influence of Western countries…statistical level”
And exports are key to sustaining Chinese economic growth. The alternative is collapse.
Stratfor, 9-20, “In china, growth rates…likely would ensue”
à World War III
Tom Plate, 6-28-03, Straits Times, “Neo-cons a bigger risk to Bush than China”
Biggest risk of nuclear war
Knight Ridder, 3-10-2000, “top Administration officials warn stakes for U.S. are high in Asian conflicts”)
“Few if any…potential disaster”
Advantage 2: China
Africa is the critical test case for collaboration. Now is the time to offer China a bigger stake in setting the foreign aid and global health agenda.
Joshua Kurlantzick, 2006, “Beijing’s Safari: China’s Move into Africa and it’s Imiplications…” Carnegie Endowment Policy Outlook, “China’s new safari…more responsible as well”
Second, it’s a critical time to reengage China and solidify cooperation
Carla Hills, 4-26-07, International Herald Tribune
“The relationship between…accordance international norms.”
Scenario 1: Cold War:
The plan is critical to building the healthy development of U.S. –Sino Relations
He Wenping, 4-10-07, China Daily, “Sino-US cooperation can benefit Africa even more”
“As china increasingly….for the African people”
The plan is critical to building a broad-based cooperation across the world
Bates Gill
“Given the rising parallel interests…damaging confrontation”
Cooperation in health in Africa is a litmus test for the entire US-Sino relationship.
Kurlantzick
“Still, though some…anywhere else”
Last, Strong US-Sino relations and cooperation prevents extinction. Cooperation is the only way to solve economic stability, terrorism, prolif, disease…
Wenzhong, PRC Ministry of Foreign Affairs, “Vigorously Pushing Forward the Constructive and Cooperative Relationship between China and the US”
“China’s Development…US Relations”
Scenario 2: Hot War
Increasing Health cooperation is critical to avoiding a strategic trap in Africa. Lack of cooperation ensures that mutual suspicions will cause conflict.
Bates Gill
“China’s new strategic partnership…intensifying economic and political competition inherently raise tensions.”
1ac cites
Damien China 1AC Cites
Observation One: The Status Quo
First, China is racing to increase aid, investment, and influence in Africa. They view it as a critical national security objective.
Gill, Freeman Chair in China Studies at the Center for International Studies, 2K7 (Bates, “Assessing China’s Growing Influence in Africa,” China Security, Summer, Volume 3, Number 3)
Second, The U.S. is also massively increasing its aid and influence in Africa
Gill, Freeman Chair in China Studies at the Center for International Studies, 2K7 (Bates, “Assessing China’s Growing Influence in Africa,” China Security, Summer, Volume 3, Number 3)
Third, The problem is that there is no substantial cooperation between the two.
Gill, Freeman Chair in China Studies at the CSIS, 2K7 (Bates, “China’s Expanding Role in Africa: Implications for the United States,” A Report of the CSIS Delegation to China on China-Africa-U.S. Relations, January, http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/chinainafrica.pdf)
Plan: The United States federal government should pass legislation substantially increasing assistance to topically designated areas through the provision of grants for Chinese Provincial Health Bureau Medical Team programs in topically designated areas.
Advantage One: Medical Teams
First, Lack of U.S. funding collapses China’s ability to send medical teams.
Shinn, former ambassador to Burkina Faso & Ethiopia & Professor at Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University, 2K6 (David, “Out of the Box Idea: China, Africa, and the United States Health Care Cooperation,” Washington Journal of Modern China, Volume 8, Number 1, Spring/Summer)
(Shinn continued)
Second, Medical teams are critical to China’s ability to build good-will in Africa and allow them to open new export markets. Africa is critical to China’s future.
Gu, Chair of East Asian Politics & Director of the Institute of East Asian Politics at Bochum University in Germany, 2K5 (von Wuewu, “China Returns To Africa,” Trends East Asia Study, Number 9, February, http://www.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/oaw/poa/pdf/TEA%20S9.pdf)
Third, Exports are critical to sustaining Chinese economic growth. The alternative is collapse.
Stratfor 9-20-2K7 (“Global Market Brief: Major Economies' Recession-Fighting Tools,” http://www.stratfor.com
/products/premium/read_article.php?id=295584)
That causes World War Three
Plate, Prof at UCLA, 6-28-2K3 (Tom, “Neo-Cons A Bigger Risk to Bush Than China”, Straits Times)
That’s the biggest risk of nuclear war
Knight Ridder 3-10-2K (“Top administration officials warn stakes for U.S. are high in Asian conflicts”)
Advantage Two: China
Africa is a critical test case for U.S. Sino aid collaboration. Now is the time to offer China a bigger stake in setting the foreign aid and global health agenda.
Kurlantzick, Visiting Scholar in the China Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2K6 (Joshua, “Beijing’s Safari: China’s Move into Africa and Its Implications for Aid, Development, and Governance,” Carnegie Endowment Policy Outlook, Number 29, November, http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/kurlantzick_
outlook_africa2.pdf)
(Kurlantzick continued)
Second, It’s a critical time to reengage China and solidify cooperation
Hills, former U.S. Trade Representative, 4-26-2K7 (Carla, “Engaging the New China,” International Herald Tribune)
Scenario One: Cold War
First, The plan is critical to building the healthy development of U.S. – Sino relations
Wenping, Researcher with the Institute of West Asian & African Studies at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 4-10-2K7 (He, “SINO-US COOPERATION CAN BENEFIT AFRICA EVEN MORE,” China Daily)
Second, The plan is critical to building broad-based cooperation with China across the world
Gill, Freeman Chair in China Studies at the Center for International Studies, 2K7 (Bates, “Assessing China’s Growing Influence in Africa,” China Security, Summer, Volume 3, Number 3)
Third, Cooperation on health in Africa is a litmus-test for the entire U.S. – Sino relationship. If we can’t cooperate there, we won’t be able to cooperate anywhere.
Kurlantzick, Visiting Scholar in China Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 11-9-2K6 (Joshua, Continental Shift", The American Prospect, http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=continental_shift)
Last, Strong U.S. – Sino relations and cooperation prevents extinction. Cooperation is the only way to solve economic stability, terrorism, crime, prolif, and disease spread.
Wenzhong, PRC Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2-7-2K4 (Zhou, “Vigorously Pushing Forward the Constructive and Cooperative Relationship Between China and the United States,” http://china-japan21.org/eng/zxxx/t64286.htm)
Scenario Two: Hot War
First, Increasing health cooperation is critical to avoiding a strategic trap in Africa. Lack of cooperation ensures that mutual suspicions will cause U.S. – Sino conflict.
Gill, Freeman Chair in China Studies at the CSIS, 2K7 (Bates, “China’s Expanding Role in Africa: Implications for the United States,” A Report of the CSIS Delegation to China on China-Africa-U.S. Relations, January, http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/chinainafrica.pdf)
Second, The focus on securing oil ensures that lack of cooperation escalates to a full geo-strategic conflict between the U.S. and China.
Hatemi, Professor at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2K7 (Peter, “Oil and Conflict in Sino-American Relations,” China Security, Summer, Volume 3, Number 3)
Third, The plan is critical to building the overall strategic relationship. It prevents misunderstandings and miscalculations from escalating.
Garrett, Director of Asia Programs and former consultant to the DOD, 2K4 (Banning, “U.S.-China Cooperation on the Problem of Failing States and Transnational Threats, USIP Special Report, Special Report Number 126, http://www.usip.org/pubs/specialreports/sr126.html)
Fourth, The risk of miscalculation is high. Even in a world where nobody wants a war, absent better cooperation, increased U.S. assistance will be misperceived. It will cause a miscalculated conflict between the U.S. and China.
Hatemi, Professor at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2K7 (Peter, “Oil and Conflict in Sino-American Relations,” China Security, Summer, Volume 3, Number 3)
Conflict escalates and causes nuclear war
Johnson, Journalist, 5-14-2K1 (Chalmers, “Time to Bring the Troops Home,” The Nation, Volume 272, Number 19)
And, It destroys civilization
Cheong, Journalist, 2K1 (China, Will Taiwan Break Away? The Rise of Taiwanese Nationalism, p. 7)
Observation Two: Solvency
First, the plan increases the number of Chinese Medical Teams solving African health problems and boosts U.S. - Sino relations
Shinn, former ambassador to Burkina Faso & Ethiopia & Professor at Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University, 2K6 (David, “Out of the Box Idea: China, Africa, and the United States Health Care Cooperation,” Washington Journal of Modern China, Volume 8, Number 1, Spring/Summer)
Second, the plan is necessary to build strategic trust between the U.S. and China – Which is the only way to ensure the success of other strategies of engagement.
Frost, Research Fellow at Institute for National Strategic Studies at the National Defense University, Visiting Fellow at the Institute for International Economics, former Counselor to the USTR, 2K4 (Dr. Ellen, “Preventing State Failure: Steps Toward Closer Cooperation Between China and the United States,” Presented at The U.S.-China Conference on Areas of Instability and Emerging Threats, http://www.acus.org/docs/0402-Preventing_State_Failure_Closer_Cooperation_China_United_States.pdf)
Third, Arguments about whether Chinese aid is good or bad are irrelevant. We can’t kick China out even if we wanted to.
Amosu, Senior Policy Analyst for Africa at the Open Society Institute, 3-9-2K7 (Akwe, “China in Africa: It’s (Still) the Governance, Stupid,” FPIF Discussion Paper, http://www.fpif.org/fpiftxt/4068)
The plan is topical. It is U.S. public health assistance provided through grant partners to sub-Saharan Africa. They will not have a better card than this.
US AID (last updated – no publication date) 11-5-2K7 (“Doing Business With USAID, http://eastafrica.usaid.gov/(S
(jvgokw55xspaxr55nt1c3x55))/en/Page.DoingBusiness.aspx)
And, This is consistent with how aid actually works. Most aid is given through third parties.
Engber, Slate Magazine Contributing Columnist, 5-26-2K5 (Daniel, consulted with Steve Radlet of the Center for Global Development & Roslyn Matthews of USAD for the article, “Do Governments Take Checks?: How the United States gives foreign aid,” http://www.slate.com/id/2119648/)
Last, Our policy of engagement is not a strategy of appeasement. It is the only way to ensure that China becomes a responsible stakeholder in the international system while protecting our interests
Perry, Former Secretary of Defense, 10-30-95 (William, “U.S. Strategy: Engage China, Not Contain It,” Remarks as delivered by Secretary of Defense William H. Perry to the Washington State China Relations Council, http://www.fas.org/news/china/1995/di10109.htm)
(Perry continued)
Round 6
scouting – damien aff / calhoun neg judge: d heidt
1nc:
-plan vagueness-topicality – to is exclusive, must be to governments
-k – below
-inflation disad
Calhoun topicality:
Reuben, 02 rethinking African development “for the records, the number ngos in Tanzania….under the national council of ngos”
Damien topicality 2ac:
Plan is topical – it is us pha provided trhough grant partners
USAID 11/5/07 eastafrica.usaid.gov “usaid conducts competition for contracts, grants and cooperative agreements….overseas as American aid”
This is consistent with how aid actually works – most is through third parties
Engber, 05 slate.com “on Thursday, the u.s. state department announced a 50 million….if often minimally involved”
T 2ac;
Wm shinn proves is pha
Wm: usaid and engber prove its our assistance ---- china works for us when we purchase services
Specifically its us assistance
Patrick, 12/11/07 chinaaff.blogspot.com email to author “thanks for your query….this is my instinct”
Ci affs bilateral assistance, list their partners, and have an advocate
Cida 6 acdi-cida.gc.ca “bilateral assistance refers to….recipient government organizations”
Wm: shinn is our adv and nm is contracting pha
Imva, 11/5 __www.imva.org__ “bilateral agencies are governmental….contract with usaid”
Ol: core cases use partners
Pepfar
Heller 9/5 google “a mirror image problem …. As well as microeconomic differences”
Health workers
Ahca 07 govtrack.us “the president is authorized to provide assistance…human health care capacity”
Family planning
Gao 97 “usaid’s office of population manages a substantial….participating cooperating agencies”
Disease surveillance
Gootnick, 07 hsgac.senate.gov “gdd is cdc’s primary effort…related to potential outbreaks”
Water
Wpa 05 govtrack.us “to provide assistance under section 135…..and other appropriate entities”
We’re direct asst
Copson, 9/5 crs issue brief “u.s. assistance finds its way….their own programs”
Empirically true
Vaishnav, 12/12/07 chinaaff.blogspot.com - additional email
Calhoun K 1nc
Africa is the newest arena for ameircan expansion of power
Lee, 11/19/07 the nation “with little scrutiny from democrats….25 percent by 2015”
Heg denies Africa a voice,
Chesterman, 97 melbourne journal of politics “today confronted by the hope and terror…..are no foreigners”
Security is a justification for intervening and control Africa guarantees an endless cycle of wars to keep secure
Agamben 01 theory and event “today we are facing an extreme….control them once they occur”
Assistance is tool of the powerful to control Africa
Hudson, 03 super imperialism “u.s. aid strategy thus has been…regimes of brazil and Ghana”
Locals can solve nay African problems – aid crowds out locals
Brea, 7/3/07 american.com “Kenyan economist james shikwati….scientists or enterprenuers”
Refusing pha: leaders accept responsibility for taking care of the African people
Africa focus , 7/17/06 africafocus.org “in this report we show that almost half….experiencing poverty first hand”
Damien Round 4
Aff Damien vs. Neg Coppel
Aff: Give aid to Chinese medical teams in SSA
1NC:
Topicality PHA = Government to government
Topicality substantial = $1billion
Topicality to = exclusively to Africa
Agent Specification
Consult Egypt CP
Bush Good law of the sea DA
Pan Kritik (China threat con)
Development K (Escobar)
Aff read a space colonization good add on, realtions with china key to space colonization
block goes for:
CP and T substantial
2nr goes for:
T substantial
Damien Aff
Round # 2
vs Team: Grapevine
Judge: Jonathan Paul
Plan Text
The USFG should pass legislation substantially increasing assistance to topically designated areas through the provision of grants for Chinese Provinvial Health Bureau Medical Team Programs in topically designated areas.1ac w/ cites
Obs. 1
China is racing to increase influence and aid in Africa. They view it as a critical national security objective.
Bates Gill, Chair in China Studies at CIS, 2007, China Security Summer, Vol 3 No. 3
“China’s emergence…global influence”
The US is massively increasing aid and influence
Bates Gill, Chair in China Studies at CIS, 2007, China Security Summer, Vol 3 No. 3
“China’s ambitious…oil imports.”
Third, the problem is that there is no substantial cooperation between the two.
Bates Gill, Chair in China Studies at CIS, 2007, China Security Summer, Vol 3 No. 3
“Up to now,…into that commitment.”
Advantage 1: Medical Teams
Lack of US finding collapses China’s ability to send medical teams.
David Schinn, “Out of the Box Idea: China, Africa, and the US Health Care Cooperation” 2006
“The time as come to think out of the box…their overseas medical team obligations.”
Second, this collapses China’s ability to build good will in Africa and prevents them from opening new export markets. Africa is key to china’s future.
Von Wuewu Gu, “China Returns to Africa” 11-9-05, “The Limited Influence of Western countries…statistical level”
And exports are key to sustaining Chinese economic growth. The alternative is collapse.
Stratfor, 9-20, “In china, growth rates…likely would ensue”
à World War III
Tom Plate, 6-28-03, Straits Times, “Neo-cons a bigger risk to Bush than China”
Biggest risk of nuclear war
Knight Ridder, 3-10-2000, “top Administration officials warn stakes for U.S. are high in Asian conflicts”)
“Few if any…potential disaster”
Advantage 2: China
Africa is the critical test case for collaboration. Now is the time to offer China a bigger stake in setting the foreign aid and global health agenda.
Joshua Kurlantzick, 2006, “Beijing’s Safari: China’s Move into Africa and it’s Imiplications…” Carnegie Endowment Policy Outlook, “China’s new safari…more responsible as well”
Second, it’s a critical time to reengage China and solidify cooperation
Carla Hills, 4-26-07, International Herald Tribune
“The relationship between…accordance international norms.”
Scenario 1: Cold War:
The plan is critical to building the healthy development of U.S. –Sino Relations
He Wenping, 4-10-07, China Daily, “Sino-US cooperation can benefit Africa even more”
“As china increasingly….for the African people”
The plan is critical to building a broad-based cooperation across the world
Bates Gill
“Given the rising parallel interests…damaging confrontation”
Cooperation in health in Africa is a litmus test for the entire US-Sino relationship.
Kurlantzick
“Still, though some…anywhere else”
Last, Strong US-Sino relations and cooperation prevents extinction. Cooperation is the only way to solve economic stability, terrorism, prolif, disease…
Wenzhong, PRC Ministry of Foreign Affairs, “Vigorously Pushing Forward the Constructive and Cooperative Relationship between China and the US”
“China’s Development…US Relations”
Scenario 2: Hot War
Increasing Health cooperation is critical to avoiding a strategic trap in Africa. Lack of cooperation ensures that mutual suspicions will cause conflict.
Bates Gill
“China’s new strategic partnership…intensifying economic and political competition inherently raise tensions.”
1ac cites
Damien China 1AC CitesObservation One: The Status Quo
First, China is racing to increase aid, investment, and influence in Africa. They view it as a critical national security objective.
Gill, Freeman Chair in China Studies at the Center for International Studies, 2K7 (Bates, “Assessing China’s Growing Influence in Africa,” China Security, Summer, Volume 3, Number 3)
Second, The U.S. is also massively increasing its aid and influence in Africa
Gill, Freeman Chair in China Studies at the Center for International Studies, 2K7 (Bates, “Assessing China’s Growing Influence in Africa,” China Security, Summer, Volume 3, Number 3)
Third, The problem is that there is no substantial cooperation between the two.
Gill, Freeman Chair in China Studies at the CSIS, 2K7 (Bates, “China’s Expanding Role in Africa: Implications for the United States,” A Report of the CSIS Delegation to China on China-Africa-U.S. Relations, January, http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/chinainafrica.pdf)
Plan: The United States federal government should pass legislation substantially increasing assistance to topically designated areas through the provision of grants for Chinese Provincial Health Bureau Medical Team programs in topically designated areas.
Advantage One: Medical Teams
First, Lack of U.S. funding collapses China’s ability to send medical teams.
Shinn, former ambassador to Burkina Faso & Ethiopia & Professor at Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University, 2K6 (David, “Out of the Box Idea: China, Africa, and the United States Health Care Cooperation,” Washington Journal of Modern China, Volume 8, Number 1, Spring/Summer)
(Shinn continued)
Second, Medical teams are critical to China’s ability to build good-will in Africa and allow them to open new export markets. Africa is critical to China’s future.
Gu, Chair of East Asian Politics & Director of the Institute of East Asian Politics at Bochum University in Germany, 2K5 (von Wuewu, “China Returns To Africa,” Trends East Asia Study, Number 9, February, http://www.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/oaw/poa/pdf/TEA%20S9.pdf)
Third, Exports are critical to sustaining Chinese economic growth. The alternative is collapse.
Stratfor 9-20-2K7 (“Global Market Brief: Major Economies' Recession-Fighting Tools,” http://www.stratfor.com
/products/premium/read_article.php?id=295584)
That causes World War Three
Plate, Prof at UCLA, 6-28-2K3 (Tom, “Neo-Cons A Bigger Risk to Bush Than China”, Straits Times)
That’s the biggest risk of nuclear war
Knight Ridder 3-10-2K (“Top administration officials warn stakes for U.S. are high in Asian conflicts”)
Advantage Two: China
Africa is a critical test case for U.S. Sino aid collaboration. Now is the time to offer China a bigger stake in setting the foreign aid and global health agenda.
Kurlantzick, Visiting Scholar in the China Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2K6 (Joshua, “Beijing’s Safari: China’s Move into Africa and Its Implications for Aid, Development, and Governance,” Carnegie Endowment Policy Outlook, Number 29, November, http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/kurlantzick_
outlook_africa2.pdf)
(Kurlantzick continued)
Second, It’s a critical time to reengage China and solidify cooperation
Hills, former U.S. Trade Representative, 4-26-2K7 (Carla, “Engaging the New China,” International Herald Tribune)
Scenario One: Cold War
First, The plan is critical to building the healthy development of U.S. – Sino relations
Wenping, Researcher with the Institute of West Asian & African Studies at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 4-10-2K7 (He, “SINO-US COOPERATION CAN BENEFIT AFRICA EVEN MORE,” China Daily)
Second, The plan is critical to building broad-based cooperation with China across the world
Gill, Freeman Chair in China Studies at the Center for International Studies, 2K7 (Bates, “Assessing China’s Growing Influence in Africa,” China Security, Summer, Volume 3, Number 3)
Third, Cooperation on health in Africa is a litmus-test for the entire U.S. – Sino relationship. If we can’t cooperate there, we won’t be able to cooperate anywhere.
Kurlantzick, Visiting Scholar in China Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 11-9-2K6 (Joshua, Continental Shift", The American Prospect, http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=continental_shift)
Last, Strong U.S. – Sino relations and cooperation prevents extinction. Cooperation is the only way to solve economic stability, terrorism, crime, prolif, and disease spread.
Wenzhong, PRC Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2-7-2K4 (Zhou, “Vigorously Pushing Forward the Constructive and Cooperative Relationship Between China and the United States,” http://china-japan21.org/eng/zxxx/t64286.htm)
Scenario Two: Hot War
First, Increasing health cooperation is critical to avoiding a strategic trap in Africa. Lack of cooperation ensures that mutual suspicions will cause U.S. – Sino conflict.
Gill, Freeman Chair in China Studies at the CSIS, 2K7 (Bates, “China’s Expanding Role in Africa: Implications for the United States,” A Report of the CSIS Delegation to China on China-Africa-U.S. Relations, January, http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/chinainafrica.pdf)
Second, The focus on securing oil ensures that lack of cooperation escalates to a full geo-strategic conflict between the U.S. and China.
Hatemi, Professor at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2K7 (Peter, “Oil and Conflict in Sino-American Relations,” China Security, Summer, Volume 3, Number 3)
Third, The plan is critical to building the overall strategic relationship. It prevents misunderstandings and miscalculations from escalating.
Garrett, Director of Asia Programs and former consultant to the DOD, 2K4 (Banning, “U.S.-China Cooperation on the Problem of Failing States and Transnational Threats, USIP Special Report, Special Report Number 126, http://www.usip.org/pubs/specialreports/sr126.html)
Fourth, The risk of miscalculation is high. Even in a world where nobody wants a war, absent better cooperation, increased U.S. assistance will be misperceived. It will cause a miscalculated conflict between the U.S. and China.
Hatemi, Professor at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2K7 (Peter, “Oil and Conflict in Sino-American Relations,” China Security, Summer, Volume 3, Number 3)
Conflict escalates and causes nuclear war
Johnson, Journalist, 5-14-2K1 (Chalmers, “Time to Bring the Troops Home,” The Nation, Volume 272, Number 19)
And, It destroys civilization
Cheong, Journalist, 2K1 (China, Will Taiwan Break Away? The Rise of Taiwanese Nationalism, p. 7)
Observation Two: Solvency
First, the plan increases the number of Chinese Medical Teams solving African health problems and boosts U.S. - Sino relations
Shinn, former ambassador to Burkina Faso & Ethiopia & Professor at Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University, 2K6 (David, “Out of the Box Idea: China, Africa, and the United States Health Care Cooperation,” Washington Journal of Modern China, Volume 8, Number 1, Spring/Summer)
Second, the plan is necessary to build strategic trust between the U.S. and China – Which is the only way to ensure the success of other strategies of engagement.
Frost, Research Fellow at Institute for National Strategic Studies at the National Defense University, Visiting Fellow at the Institute for International Economics, former Counselor to the USTR, 2K4 (Dr. Ellen, “Preventing State Failure: Steps Toward Closer Cooperation Between China and the United States,” Presented at The U.S.-China Conference on Areas of Instability and Emerging Threats, http://www.acus.org/docs/0402-Preventing_State_Failure_Closer_Cooperation_China_United_States.pdf)
Third, Arguments about whether Chinese aid is good or bad are irrelevant. We can’t kick China out even if we wanted to.
Amosu, Senior Policy Analyst for Africa at the Open Society Institute, 3-9-2K7 (Akwe, “China in Africa: It’s (Still) the Governance, Stupid,” FPIF Discussion Paper, http://www.fpif.org/fpiftxt/4068)
The plan is topical. It is U.S. public health assistance provided through grant partners to sub-Saharan Africa. They will not have a better card than this.
US AID (last updated – no publication date) 11-5-2K7 (“Doing Business With USAID, http://eastafrica.usaid.gov/(S
(jvgokw55xspaxr55nt1c3x55))/en/Page.DoingBusiness.aspx)
And, This is consistent with how aid actually works. Most aid is given through third parties.
Engber, Slate Magazine Contributing Columnist, 5-26-2K5 (Daniel, consulted with Steve Radlet of the Center for Global Development & Roslyn Matthews of USAD for the article, “Do Governments Take Checks?: How the United States gives foreign aid,” http://www.slate.com/id/2119648/)
Last, Our policy of engagement is not a strategy of appeasement. It is the only way to ensure that China becomes a responsible stakeholder in the international system while protecting our interests
Perry, Former Secretary of Defense, 10-30-95 (William, “U.S. Strategy: Engage China, Not Contain It,” Remarks as delivered by Secretary of Defense William H. Perry to the Washington State China Relations Council, http://www.fas.org/news/china/1995/di10109.htm)
(Perry continued)