Somaliland Affirmative (below)
2AR went for multiple conditional worlds bad
SOMALILAND AFFIRMATIVE
CONTENTION ONE: INHERENCY
FIRST – STATUS QUO UNITED STATES POLICY TOWARD SOMALILAND IS FAILING – THE PERCEPTION IS THAT THE U.S. IS ABANDONING SOMALILAND.
SOMALILAND TIMES, 2007
[“US policy is destabilizing Somaliland; should be rethought,” September 8th, Available Online via Lexis-Nexis]
A popular theory in the Arab media that purportedly explains...actually US policy.
SECOND – THE U.S. CONTINUES TO REFUSE TO RECOGNIZE SOMALILAND AS A LEGITIMATE STATE DESPITE ITS DEVELOPMENT INTO A BEACON OF DEMOCRACY.
CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR, 2007
[“In Africa, an island of democracy asks: Where is US help?,” Byline Ginny Hill, July 19th, Available Online via Lexis-Nexis]
Under the Bush administration's theory of creating regional stability...not breakaway republics.
CONTENTION TWO: WINNING THE WAR ON TERRORISM
FIRST, AFRICA IS THE NEXT FRONT IN THE GLOBAL WAR ON TERROR – ENABLER AND SLACKER STATES LIKE SOMALIA WILL GIVE AL QAEDA AND OTHER TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS A SAFE HAVEN FROM WHICH TO LAUNCH ATTACKS.
James Jay CARAFANO, Ph.D., Senior Research Fellow for National Security and Homeland Security in the Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Institute for International Studies, AND Nile GARDINER, Ph.D., Jay Kingham Fellow in International Regulatory Affairs in the Center for International Trade and Economics at the Heritage Foundation, 2003
[“U.S. Military Assistance for Africa: A Better Solution,” Heritage Foundation Backgrounder #1697, October 15th, Available Online at http://www.heritage.org/Research/Africa/bg1697.cfm, Accessed 09-29-2007]
The United States must also be vigilant for its own security...operating in neighbouring Somalia.
SPECIFICALLY – THE HORN OF AFRICA IS A KEY HOTSPOT.
Peter BROOKES, Senior Fellow at the Heritage Foundation, 2007
[“Horn hotbed: East Africa could be the next haven for extremists,” Armed Forces Journal, May, Available Online at http://www.armedforcesjournal.com/2007/05/2670146, Accessed 11-23-2007]
Since the early 1990s, the Horn of Africa...extremists and terrorists.
THIRD – SOMALIA IS KEY – ITS STRATEGIC LOCATION, LACK OF GOVERNANCE, AND ONGOING CONFLICTS MAKE IT UNIQUELY SUSCEPTIBLE TO TERRORIST INFILTRATION.
Peter BROOKES, Senior Fellow at the Heritage Foundation, 2007
[“Horn hotbed: East Africa could be the next haven for extremists,” Armed Forces Journal, May, Available Online at http://www.armedforcesjournal.com/2007/05/2670146, Accessed 11-23-2007]
When most Americans think of Somalia...own purposes, too.
AND – THIS ENABLES TERRORISTS TO LAUNCH NUCLEAR ATTACKS AGAINST THE U.S.
Thomas DEMPSEY, Director of African Studies in the Department of National Security and Strategy at the U.S. Army War College and former strategic intelligence analyst for Africa at the John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and Chief of Africa Branch for the Defense Intelligence Agency, 2006
[“Counterterrorism in African Failed States: Challenges and Potential Solutions,” Center for Strategic and International Studies Monograph, April, Available Online at http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB649.pdf, Accessed 10-03-2007]
The threat that terrorist hubs based in failed states pose...complex and difficult task.
THE IMPACT IS GLOBAL NUCLEAR WAR – ATTACKS WILL CAUSE ESCALATION.
Patrick F. SPEICE, Jr., J.D. Candidate at the Marshall-Wythe School of Law at the College of William and Mary and B.A. 2003 from Wake Forest University, 2006
[“Note: Negligence And Nuclear Nonproliferation: Eliminating The Current Liability Barrier To Bilateral U.S.-Russian Nonproliferation Assistance Programs,” William & Mary Law Review (47 Wm and Mary L. Rev. 1427), February, Available Online via Lexis-Nexis]
The potential consequences of the unchecked spread of nuclear knowledge...use of nuclear weapons. 53
THAT MEANS THE END OF CIVILIZATION.
Mohamed SID-AHMED, political analyst for Al-Ahram weekly (Cairo, Egypt), 2004
[“Extinction!,” Al-Ahram Weekly, Issue 705, August-September, Available Online at http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/705/op5.htm, Accessed 01-27-2006]
A nuclear attack by terrorists will be much more critical...we will all be losers.
HOWEVER – STRENGTHENING RELATIONS WITH SOMALILAND IS THE BEST WAY TO PREVENT TERRORISM IN THE GREATER HORN – COOPERATION WILL ENABLE MORE EFFECTIVE JOINT TASK FORCE OPERATIONS.
Peter J. SCHRAEDER, Professor in the Department of Political Science at Loyola University—Chicago, 2006
[“Why the United States Should Recognize Somaliland’s Independence,” CSIS Africa Policy Forum, December 16th, Available Online at http://forums.csis.org/africa/?p=19, Accessed 11-23-2007]
Somaliland also deserves recognition from a purely...unrecognized Somaliland authorities.
AND – JOINT TASK FORCE ACCESS IS KEY TO EFFECTIVE COUNTER-TERRORISM IN THE REGION.
Dr. J. Peter PHAM, Director of the Nelson Institute for International and Public Affairs at James Madison University, 2006
[“America's Somali Policy Still Dangerously Adrift,” World Defense Review, April 20th, Available Online at http://worlddefensereview.com/ pham090806.shtml, Accessed 11-24-2007]
Meanwhile, the cover story in last weekend's edition...shoals of the Horn.
INDEPENDENTLY – SOMALILAND REPRESENTS A CRUCIAL BEACON OF DEMOCRACY IN THE GREATER MIDDLE EAST – RECOGNITION OF SOMALILAND IS KEY TO SET A PRECEDENT FOR DEMOCRACY THROUGHOUT THE MUSLIM WORLD.
Peter J. SCHRAEDER, Professor in the Department of Political Science at Loyola University—Chicago, 2006
[“Why the United States Should Recognize Somaliland’s Independence,” CSIS Africa Policy Forum, December 16th, Available Online at http://forums.csis.org/africa/?p=19, Accessed 11-23-2007]
Somaliland deserves recognition if the Bush administration...sorely lacking elsewhere.”
AND – THIS PREVENTS GLOBAL NUCLEAR WAR.
Joshua MURAVCHIK, Resident Scholar at The American Enterprise Institute, 2001
[“Democracy and Nuclear Peace,” Presented before the NPEC/IGCC Summer Faculty Seminar at the University of California—San Diego, July 11-14, Available Online at http://www.npec-web.org/Syllabus/Muravchik.pdf, Accessed 11-23-2007]
That Freedom House could count 120 freely elected governments...may be still more remote.
THEREFORE, MARQUETTE OFFERS THE FOLLOWING PLAN:
THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD SUBSTANTIALLY INCREASE ITS PUBLIC HEALTH ASSISTANCE TO THE REPUBLIC OF SOMALILAND BY PROVIDING ALL NECESSARY FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT FOR IMPROVING SANITATION INFRASTRUCTURE AND EXPANDING ACCESS TO SAFE WATER.
WE’LL CLARIFY.
CONTENTION THREE: SOLVENCY
SOMALILAND IS FRUSTRATED WITH THE LACK OF RECIPROCITY IN THEIR RELATIONS WITH THE U.S. – A SUBSTANTIAL INCREASE IN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSISTANCE IS KEY TO CLOSE THE GAP BETWEEN RHETORIC AND REALITY, SHORING UP RELATIONS AND SECURING SOMALILAND’S SUPPORT FOR THE WAR ON TERRORISM.
SOMALILAND TIMES, 2006
[“How long is the US going to take Somaliland for granted?,” October 14th, Available Online via Lexis-Nexis]
For over a decade now the US has been giving words of support...The ball is in the US's court.
SECOND – INCREASING PUBLIC HEALTH ASSISTANCE IS KEY TO SEND A SIGNAL OF SUPPORT TO SOMALILAND – THE PLAN IS CRUCIAL TO BUILD SUPPORT FOR A SUSTAINABLE ALLIANCE WITH THE U.S.
SOMALILAND TIMES, 2007
[“Urgently Needed: A Sensible US Policy Towards Somaliland and Somalia,” May 19th, Available Online via Lexis-Nexis]
Let's face it, except for support from a few warlords...totally friendless among Somalis.
THIRD – SOMALILAND CURRENTLY LACKS SUFFICIENT PUBLIC HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE – 70,000 PEOPLE ARE AT RISK OF DYING FROM CHOLERA IN THE STATUS QUO – ONLY INVESTING IN IMPROVED INFRASTRUCTURE CAN SOLVE.
INTERNATIONAL SAVE THE CHILDREN ALLIANCE, 2007
[“Cholera outbreak in Somaliland, up to 70,000 at risk,” Reuters, June 6th, Available Online at http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/fromthefield/ SaveChAlli/ac0f05f5c7cd9c8379acf9592a9e36cd.htm, Accessed 11-28-2007]
Over 600 cases of cholera, including eight cholera-related deaths...international agencies and donors.
AND – THE PLAN SOLVES – IMPROVING SOMALILAND’S SANITATION IS KEY TO PREVENT THE SPREAD OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES.
Mohamed BALI, Ph.D., expert in African public health, 2002
[“Promoting Safe Lifestyle in Somaliland,” Maroodi-Jeex: Somaliland Alternative Newsletter, Occasional Paper #3, September, Available Online at http://storm.prohosting.com/~mbali/bali11.htm, Accessed 11-28-2007]
Somaliland's population numbered 2.0 million in 1998 with an annual...suffering from widespread malnutrition.
MOREOVER – ENGAGEMENT WITH SOMALILAND IS CRITICAL TO OVERALL U.S. DEMOCRACY PROMOTION EFFORTS – INTEGRATING SOMALILAND INTO THE COALITION OF THE WILLING UNIQUELY SECURES U.S. INTERESTS IN THE REGION.
Dr. J. Peter PHAM, Director of the Nelson Institute for International and Public Affairs at James Madison University, 2006
[“Facing Reality in Somalia,” World Defense Review, May 11th, Available Online at http://worlddefensereview.com/pham051106.shtml, Accessed 11-24-2007]
Imagine a country within the greater Middle East ambit...as her strategic interests.
FINALLY – THE PLAN’S ENGAGEMENT WITH SOMALILAND IS UNIQUELY KEY TO SUCCESSFUL COUNTER-TERRORISM – THE STATUS QUO PREVENTS EFFECTIVE COOPERATION.
J. Peter PHAM, Director of the Nelson Institute for International and Public Affairs at James Madison University, Adjunct Fellow at the Foundation for the Defense of Democracies, and Vice President of the Association for the Study of the Middle East and Africa (ASMEA), DECEMBER 13TH, 2007
["Somaliland: On the Road to Independent Statehood?," Family Security Matters, Available Online at http://www.familysecuritymatters.org/ global.php?id=1385868, Accessed 12-13-2007]
Counterterrorism. As the Pentagon has now publicly acknowledged...subsume it next year.
Marquette Univ Somaliland
Round # 1
vs Team: Bishop Guertin
Judge: Lewkovitz, Roy
Somaliland Affirmative (below)
2AR went for multiple conditional worlds bad
SOMALILAND AFFIRMATIVE
CONTENTION ONE: INHERENCY
FIRST – STATUS QUO UNITED STATES POLICY TOWARD SOMALILAND IS FAILING – THE PERCEPTION IS THAT THE U.S. IS ABANDONING SOMALILAND.
SOMALILAND TIMES, 2007
[“US policy is destabilizing Somaliland; should be rethought,” September 8th, Available Online via Lexis-Nexis]
A popular theory in the Arab media that purportedly explains...actually US policy.
SECOND – THE U.S. CONTINUES TO REFUSE TO RECOGNIZE SOMALILAND AS A LEGITIMATE STATE DESPITE ITS DEVELOPMENT INTO A BEACON OF DEMOCRACY.
CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR, 2007
[“In Africa, an island of democracy asks: Where is US help?,” Byline Ginny Hill, July 19th, Available Online via Lexis-Nexis]
Under the Bush administration's theory of creating regional stability...not breakaway republics.
CONTENTION TWO: WINNING THE WAR ON TERRORISM
FIRST, AFRICA IS THE NEXT FRONT IN THE GLOBAL WAR ON TERROR – ENABLER AND SLACKER STATES LIKE SOMALIA WILL GIVE AL QAEDA AND OTHER TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS A SAFE HAVEN FROM WHICH TO LAUNCH ATTACKS.
James Jay CARAFANO, Ph.D., Senior Research Fellow for National Security and Homeland Security in the Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Institute for International Studies, AND Nile GARDINER, Ph.D., Jay Kingham Fellow in International Regulatory Affairs in the Center for International Trade and Economics at the Heritage Foundation, 2003
[“U.S. Military Assistance for Africa: A Better Solution,” Heritage Foundation Backgrounder #1697, October 15th, Available Online at http://www.heritage.org/Research/Africa/bg1697.cfm, Accessed 09-29-2007]
The United States must also be vigilant for its own security...operating in neighbouring Somalia.
SPECIFICALLY – THE HORN OF AFRICA IS A KEY HOTSPOT.
Peter BROOKES, Senior Fellow at the Heritage Foundation, 2007
[“Horn hotbed: East Africa could be the next haven for extremists,” Armed Forces Journal, May, Available Online at http://www.armedforcesjournal.com/2007/05/2670146, Accessed 11-23-2007]
Since the early 1990s, the Horn of Africa...extremists and terrorists.
THIRD – SOMALIA IS KEY – ITS STRATEGIC LOCATION, LACK OF GOVERNANCE, AND ONGOING CONFLICTS MAKE IT UNIQUELY SUSCEPTIBLE TO TERRORIST INFILTRATION.
Peter BROOKES, Senior Fellow at the Heritage Foundation, 2007
[“Horn hotbed: East Africa could be the next haven for extremists,” Armed Forces Journal, May, Available Online at http://www.armedforcesjournal.com/2007/05/2670146, Accessed 11-23-2007]
When most Americans think of Somalia...own purposes, too.
AND – THIS ENABLES TERRORISTS TO LAUNCH NUCLEAR ATTACKS AGAINST THE U.S.
Thomas DEMPSEY, Director of African Studies in the Department of National Security and Strategy at the U.S. Army War College and former strategic intelligence analyst for Africa at the John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and Chief of Africa Branch for the Defense Intelligence Agency, 2006
[“Counterterrorism in African Failed States: Challenges and Potential Solutions,” Center for Strategic and International Studies Monograph, April, Available Online at http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB649.pdf, Accessed 10-03-2007]
The threat that terrorist hubs based in failed states pose...complex and difficult task.
THE IMPACT IS GLOBAL NUCLEAR WAR – ATTACKS WILL CAUSE ESCALATION.
Patrick F. SPEICE, Jr., J.D. Candidate at the Marshall-Wythe School of Law at the College of William and Mary and B.A. 2003 from Wake Forest University, 2006
[“Note: Negligence And Nuclear Nonproliferation: Eliminating The Current Liability Barrier To Bilateral U.S.-Russian Nonproliferation Assistance Programs,” William & Mary Law Review (47 Wm and Mary L. Rev. 1427), February, Available Online via Lexis-Nexis]
The potential consequences of the unchecked spread of nuclear knowledge...use of nuclear weapons. 53
THAT MEANS THE END OF CIVILIZATION.
Mohamed SID-AHMED, political analyst for Al-Ahram weekly (Cairo, Egypt), 2004
[“Extinction!,” Al-Ahram Weekly, Issue 705, August-September, Available Online at http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/705/op5.htm, Accessed 01-27-2006]
A nuclear attack by terrorists will be much more critical...we will all be losers.
HOWEVER – STRENGTHENING RELATIONS WITH SOMALILAND IS THE BEST WAY TO PREVENT TERRORISM IN THE GREATER HORN – COOPERATION WILL ENABLE MORE EFFECTIVE JOINT TASK FORCE OPERATIONS.
Peter J. SCHRAEDER, Professor in the Department of Political Science at Loyola University—Chicago, 2006
[“Why the United States Should Recognize Somaliland’s Independence,” CSIS Africa Policy Forum, December 16th, Available Online at http://forums.csis.org/africa/?p=19, Accessed 11-23-2007]
Somaliland also deserves recognition from a purely...unrecognized Somaliland authorities.
AND – JOINT TASK FORCE ACCESS IS KEY TO EFFECTIVE COUNTER-TERRORISM IN THE REGION.
Dr. J. Peter PHAM, Director of the Nelson Institute for International and Public Affairs at James Madison University, 2006
[“America's Somali Policy Still Dangerously Adrift,” World Defense Review, April 20th, Available Online at http://worlddefensereview.com/ pham090806.shtml, Accessed 11-24-2007]
Meanwhile, the cover story in last weekend's edition...shoals of the Horn.
INDEPENDENTLY – SOMALILAND REPRESENTS A CRUCIAL BEACON OF DEMOCRACY IN THE GREATER MIDDLE EAST – RECOGNITION OF SOMALILAND IS KEY TO SET A PRECEDENT FOR DEMOCRACY THROUGHOUT THE MUSLIM WORLD.
Peter J. SCHRAEDER, Professor in the Department of Political Science at Loyola University—Chicago, 2006
[“Why the United States Should Recognize Somaliland’s Independence,” CSIS Africa Policy Forum, December 16th, Available Online at http://forums.csis.org/africa/?p=19, Accessed 11-23-2007]
Somaliland deserves recognition if the Bush administration...sorely lacking elsewhere.”
AND – THIS PREVENTS GLOBAL NUCLEAR WAR.
Joshua MURAVCHIK, Resident Scholar at The American Enterprise Institute, 2001
[“Democracy and Nuclear Peace,” Presented before the NPEC/IGCC Summer Faculty Seminar at the University of California—San Diego, July 11-14, Available Online at http://www.npec-web.org/Syllabus/Muravchik.pdf, Accessed 11-23-2007]
That Freedom House could count 120 freely elected governments...may be still more remote.
THEREFORE, MARQUETTE OFFERS THE FOLLOWING PLAN:
THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD SUBSTANTIALLY INCREASE ITS PUBLIC HEALTH ASSISTANCE TO THE REPUBLIC OF SOMALILAND BY PROVIDING ALL NECESSARY FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT FOR IMPROVING SANITATION INFRASTRUCTURE AND EXPANDING ACCESS TO SAFE WATER.
WE’LL CLARIFY.
CONTENTION THREE: SOLVENCY
SOMALILAND IS FRUSTRATED WITH THE LACK OF RECIPROCITY IN THEIR RELATIONS WITH THE U.S. – A SUBSTANTIAL INCREASE IN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSISTANCE IS KEY TO CLOSE THE GAP BETWEEN RHETORIC AND REALITY, SHORING UP RELATIONS AND SECURING SOMALILAND’S SUPPORT FOR THE WAR ON TERRORISM.
SOMALILAND TIMES, 2006
[“How long is the US going to take Somaliland for granted?,” October 14th, Available Online via Lexis-Nexis]
For over a decade now the US has been giving words of support...The ball is in the US's court.
SECOND – INCREASING PUBLIC HEALTH ASSISTANCE IS KEY TO SEND A SIGNAL OF SUPPORT TO SOMALILAND – THE PLAN IS CRUCIAL TO BUILD SUPPORT FOR A SUSTAINABLE ALLIANCE WITH THE U.S.
SOMALILAND TIMES, 2007
[“Urgently Needed: A Sensible US Policy Towards Somaliland and Somalia,” May 19th, Available Online via Lexis-Nexis]
Let's face it, except for support from a few warlords...totally friendless among Somalis.
THIRD – SOMALILAND CURRENTLY LACKS SUFFICIENT PUBLIC HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE – 70,000 PEOPLE ARE AT RISK OF DYING FROM CHOLERA IN THE STATUS QUO – ONLY INVESTING IN IMPROVED INFRASTRUCTURE CAN SOLVE.
INTERNATIONAL SAVE THE CHILDREN ALLIANCE, 2007
[“Cholera outbreak in Somaliland, up to 70,000 at risk,” Reuters, June 6th, Available Online at http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/fromthefield/ SaveChAlli/ac0f05f5c7cd9c8379acf9592a9e36cd.htm, Accessed 11-28-2007]
Over 600 cases of cholera, including eight cholera-related deaths...international agencies and donors.
AND – THE PLAN SOLVES – IMPROVING SOMALILAND’S SANITATION IS KEY TO PREVENT THE SPREAD OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES.
Mohamed BALI, Ph.D., expert in African public health, 2002
[“Promoting Safe Lifestyle in Somaliland,” Maroodi-Jeex: Somaliland Alternative Newsletter, Occasional Paper #3, September, Available Online at http://storm.prohosting.com/~mbali/bali11.htm, Accessed 11-28-2007]
Somaliland's population numbered 2.0 million in 1998 with an annual...suffering from widespread malnutrition.
MOREOVER – ENGAGEMENT WITH SOMALILAND IS CRITICAL TO OVERALL U.S. DEMOCRACY PROMOTION EFFORTS – INTEGRATING SOMALILAND INTO THE COALITION OF THE WILLING UNIQUELY SECURES U.S. INTERESTS IN THE REGION.
Dr. J. Peter PHAM, Director of the Nelson Institute for International and Public Affairs at James Madison University, 2006
[“Facing Reality in Somalia,” World Defense Review, May 11th, Available Online at http://worlddefensereview.com/pham051106.shtml, Accessed 11-24-2007]
Imagine a country within the greater Middle East ambit...as her strategic interests.
FINALLY – THE PLAN’S ENGAGEMENT WITH SOMALILAND IS UNIQUELY KEY TO SUCCESSFUL COUNTER-TERRORISM – THE STATUS QUO PREVENTS EFFECTIVE COOPERATION.
J. Peter PHAM, Director of the Nelson Institute for International and Public Affairs at James Madison University, Adjunct Fellow at the Foundation for the Defense of Democracies, and Vice President of the Association for the Study of the Middle East and Africa (ASMEA), DECEMBER 13TH, 2007
["Somaliland: On the Road to Independent Statehood?," Family Security Matters, Available Online at http://www.familysecuritymatters.org/ global.php?id=1385868, Accessed 12-13-2007]
Counterterrorism. As the Pentagon has now publicly acknowledged...subsume it next year.