Plan: The United States federal government should increase access to improved water resources in at need topically designated areas.
Contention 1 is Lack of Resources
The impact is systemic and inevitable—Water problems in SSA threaten billions – action is key to prevent conflict and instability in the region
C.S.I.S. 05 Center for Strategic Int’l Studies – Sandia National Laboratory
[“Global Water Futures: Addressing Our Global Water Future,” 9/30/05, White Paper, http://www.sandia.gov/water/docs/CSIS-SNL_OGWF_9-28-05.PDF]
More than 1 billion people on Earth …………dramatically—starting today.
Advantage 1 is Stability and Diplomacy
A perceived imbalance of water distributions will destabilize the entire region of SSA and cause small conflicts to escalate internationally—Africa is the most likely place to be impacted
C.S.I.S. 05 Center for Strategic Int'l Studies – Sandia National Laboratory
["Global Water Futures: Addressing Our Global Water Future," 9/30/05, White Paper, http://www.sandia.gov/water/docs/CSIS-SNL_OGWF_9-28-05.PDF ]
Finding 3: Water problems are geopolitically ……………. existing transboundary and domestic instabilities.
Water stress causes internal instability – multiple reasons
OECD, 05 (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development.. “Mainstreaming Conflict Prevention.” http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/26/5/35785565.pdf)
Water quality is mainly related to drinking …………………may potentially spill over into violence.
And, working together to solve water creates participatory frameworks to minimize the risk of conflicts developing over other issues
DABELKO 05- Director, Envt'l Change & Security Program Woodrow Wilson Int'l Center for Scholars
[Geoffrey D., "Congressional Testimony: Water and Sanitation," www.wilsoncenter.org/news/docs/testimonyHR1973.doc ]
Not only can cooperative water management ……………..steps may prevent the reemergence of conflict.
US commitment to water efforts is the lynchpin of effective water diplomacy—this diplomacy is necessary to prevent every scenario of extinction—solving all of your DAs.
C.S.I.S. 05 Center for Strategic Int'l Studies – Sandia National Laboratory
["Global Water Futures: Addressing Our Global Water Future," 9/30/05, White Paper, http://www.sandia.gov/water/docs/CSIS-SNL_OGWF_9-28-05.PDF ]
Now, the challenge to U.S. policymakers ……………regional stabilization and reconstruction effort.
Advantage 2 is Soft Power
Soft power is on the decline and can only get worse—new policies are necessary to reverse this image.
Moehler 3/28
[Devra C., Scholar at Harvard Academy for Int’l Studies, Asst Gov’t Prof @ Cornell, “African View of the United States,” Address to House Foreign Affairs Committee, http://www.house.gov/delahunt/Moehlertestimony.pdf]
Nonetheless, it is clear that the unilateralism …………….administration policies are sustained
US leadership on water would boost our international soft power – via stature & peacemaking. Water issues are necessary to build US democracy around the world.
DABELKO 05 Director, Envt’l Change & Security Program Woodrow Wilson Int’l Center for Scholars
[Geoffrey D., “Congressional Testimony: Water and Sanitation,” www.wilsoncenter.org/news/docs/testimonyHR1973.doc]
The increasing scarcity and declining ……………the water from the Jordan and Yarmuk rivers.
Democracy Stops Nuclear War
Muravchik 01 Resident Scholar – American Enterprise Institute
[Joshua, “Democracy and Nuclear Peace,” 7-11-01, Presented before the NPEC/IGCC Summer Faculty Seminar, UC-San Diego, www.npec-web.org/syllabi/muravchik.htm]
Moreover, while the criteria for judging a state democratic vary, ……………. the prospects for democracy may be still more remote.
Soft power is the biggest impact in the round– its key to solving all the world’s problems and providing stability to the world by maintaining the rise of other regional powers and making the spread of hard power more peaceful –any other approach fails.
Nye 02 dean of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government
[Joseph, 12-28, “A Whole New Ball Game,” http://www.ksg.harvard.edu/news/opeds/2002/nye_ballgame_ft_122802.htm]
The paradox of American power is that world politics …………..was true of the early stages of his administration.
The paradox of American power is that ………….. address these shared threats and challenges.
Economic collapse causes extinction
Mead 04
Walter Mead, Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, March/April, 2004 America's Sticky Power, Foreign Policy, Proquest
Similarly, in the last 60 years, as ………………..U.S.-Chinese conflict is less likely to occur.
Free trade promotes peace and decreases the likelihood of war—empirically proven
Griswold 98
Griswold, Associated Director of the Center for Trade Policy Studies at the CATO Institute, 98 (Daniel, “Peace on Earth, Free Trade for Men,” 31 Dec, http://www.cato.org/dailys/12-31-98.html)
Advocates of free trade have long argued that its ………….. nations that did not pursue a policy of free trade.
Increasing US soft power is key to preventing a major terrorist attack on US soil
MOREY 02 Prof of Int’l Affairs @ Columbia
[David E., “The battle for hearts and minds; U.S. public diplomacy should be more than public relations,” The San-Diego Union Tribune]
Today, it is a truism to say the world has become …………. explain our national policies only to world leaders.
And- A terrorist attack causes inter-state nuclear war
Speice 06 JD 2006 College of William and Mary
[Patrick, 47 Wm and Mary L. Rev. 1427, lexis]
Organizations such as the Russian …………….. escalate to the use of nuclear weapons. 53
Also, Anti-Americanism sparks prolif
Jentleson 2k
(Bruce, professor of public policy and political science at Duke University, served as a senior foreign policy advisor to Vice President Al Gore “American foreign policy: the dynamics of choice in the 21st century,” p. 292)
This leads us to the third change, which is greater ……………… suits and equipment against chemical weapons.
Prolif will trigger preemptive nuclear wars around the planet
Utgoff 02- Deputy Director of Strategy, Forces, and Resources Division of Institute for Defense Analysis
[Victor A., “Proliferation, Missile Defence and American Ambitions,” Survival, Summer, p. 87-90] bg
Further, the large number of states that became capable of ……………………….. of a sheriff’s posse, even in the face of nuclear threats.
Lack of US credibility prevents India-Pakistan peace initiatives
Bose 03
(Ajoy, senior journalist who has reported for The Sunday Observer and The Pioneer, Sept 29, 2003, “INDIA: AUTHOR NOTES FUTILITY OF PURSUING SUMMIT-LEVEL MEETING WITH PAKISTAN NOW,” The Pioneer, lexis)
What has further complicated matters is …………….. and bolts which would push it forward.
Indo-Pak war over Kashmir is the most likely chance of extinction
Fai 01
[Dr. Ghulam Nabi, Executive Director of the Washington-based Kashmiri American Council “India Pakistan Summit and the Issue of Kashmir,” 7/8, Washington Times, http://www.pakistanlink.com/Letters/2001/July/13/05.html]
The foreign policy of the United States …………………. an impending Fissile Material/Cut-off Convention.
<As we scan the more distant time horizons, the dimensions …………….will to put a far-sighted strategy into place.>
Lack of clean water is killing millions in Africa and exacerbating conflicts – US action is key
DABELKO 6 – 29 – 05 Director, Envt’l Change & Security ProgramWoodrow Wilson Int’l Center for Scholars
[Geoffrey D., “Congressional Testimony: Water and Sanitation,” www.wilsoncenter.org/news/docs/testimonyHR1973.doc]
We are all aware of the devastation wrought by …………………. donors are still doing too little to address the water crisis.
The US is the only capable actor on water- we will be modeled and be able to coordinate other countries. The Water for the Poor act was a first step – but funding and implementing are vital to eliminating the water crisis
Keating 3/22/06 Research Associate, Global Strategy Institute, Center for Strategic and Int’l Studies
[Laura, “Water Makes Sense,” Global Strategy Institute of CSIS, http://www.csis.org/component/option,com_csis_progj/task,view/id,573/]
It is only fitting that on this thirteenth World Water Day ………………l water challenges and a clear set of policy guidelines.
1AC
And, a commitment to public health assistance through a water policy to Africa south of the Sahara is vital to ending water scarcity. Only US action can solve for global prioritization, transparency, equity, coordination, capacity building, and sustainability.
Lochery 5/16/07 Water Team Director for CARE
[Peter, “Beyond the Status Quo: Bringing Down Barriers to Water and Sanitation Provision in Africa through Implementation of the Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act Testimony before the United States House of Representatives Committee on Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Africa and Global Health,” http://www.care.org/newsroom/articles/2007/05/lochery_water_testimony.pdf]
Access to safe water and sanitation is as fundamental to ……………. in a sector that has been sidelined for far too long.
The United States is vital to find a global solution to water shortages – a commitment would help to coordinate key agencies that take advantage of unique U.S. knowledge – and any other actor won’t be able to coordinate other governments, US agencies, and NGO’s to piggy-back off of each other and insure sustainable success.
C.S.I.S. 05 Center for Strategic Int’l Studies – Sandia National Laboratory
[“Global Water Futures: Addressing Our Global Water Future,” 9/30/05, White Paper, http://www.sandia.gov/water/docs/CSIS-SNL_OGWF_9-28-05.PDF]
As the United States faces its own ……………. objectives to maintain peace and prosperity at home and abroad.
Your funding DAs don’t link- Congress is already making calls to increase water quality to Africa—there is just lack of action because funds are misdirected to the Middle East
Blumenauer 5/16/07 Representative – House Ways & Means Committee – leading congressional Water Expert
[Earl, “Hearing of the Subcommittee on Africa and global health of the house committee on foreign affairs” Federal News Service]
Our legislation was supposed to be the first ……………. I find it shocking. I find it incomprehensible.
Bush is quadrupling foreign aid now
AFP 2-5
(“US boosts foreign aid as part of international security drive, P. Lexis)
US foreign aid will rise 12 percent to 20.3 billion dollars …………….assistance to the continent since Bush became president in 2001.
Round 1
vs. Pace
Judge: Kyle Davis
Water Aff
Advantages: Water Wars
Soft Power
Milton Cites
Plan: The United States federal government should increase access to improved water resources in at need topically designated areas.
Contention 1 is Lack of Resources
The impact is systemic and inevitable—Water problems in SSA threaten billions – action is key to prevent conflict and instability in the region
C.S.I.S. 05 Center for Strategic Int’l Studies – Sandia National Laboratory
[“Global Water Futures: Addressing Our Global Water Future,” 9/30/05, White Paper, http://www.sandia.gov/water/docs/CSIS-SNL_OGWF_9-28-05.PDF]
More than 1 billion people on Earth …………dramatically—starting today.
Advantage 1 is Stability and Diplomacy
A perceived imbalance of water distributions will destabilize the entire region of SSA and cause small conflicts to escalate internationally—Africa is the most likely place to be impacted
C.S.I.S. 05 Center for Strategic Int'l Studies – Sandia National Laboratory
["Global Water Futures: Addressing Our Global Water Future," 9/30/05, White Paper, http://www.sandia.gov/water/docs/CSIS-SNL_OGWF_9-28-05.PDF ]
Finding 3: Water problems are geopolitically ……………. existing transboundary and domestic instabilities.
Water stress causes internal instability – multiple reasons
OECD, 05 (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development.. “Mainstreaming Conflict Prevention.” http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/26/5/35785565.pdf)
Water quality is mainly related to drinking …………………may potentially spill over into violence.
And, working together to solve water creates participatory frameworks to minimize the risk of conflicts developing over other issues
DABELKO 05- Director, Envt'l Change & Security Program Woodrow Wilson Int'l Center for Scholars
[Geoffrey D., "Congressional Testimony: Water and Sanitation," www.wilsoncenter.org/news/docs/testimonyHR1973.doc ]
Not only can cooperative water management ……………..steps may prevent the reemergence of conflict.
US commitment to water efforts is the lynchpin of effective water diplomacy—this diplomacy is necessary to prevent every scenario of extinction—solving all of your DAs.
C.S.I.S. 05 Center for Strategic Int'l Studies – Sandia National Laboratory
["Global Water Futures: Addressing Our Global Water Future," 9/30/05, White Paper, http://www.sandia.gov/water/docs/CSIS-SNL_OGWF_9-28-05.PDF ]
Now, the challenge to U.S. policymakers ……………regional stabilization and reconstruction effort.
Advantage 2 is Soft Power
Soft power is on the decline and can only get worse—new policies are necessary to reverse this image.
Moehler 3/28
[Devra C., Scholar at Harvard Academy for Int’l Studies, Asst Gov’t Prof @ Cornell, “African View of the United States,” Address to House Foreign Affairs Committee, http://www.house.gov/delahunt/Moehlertestimony.pdf]
Nonetheless, it is clear that the unilateralism …………….administration policies are sustained
US leadership on water would boost our international soft power – via stature & peacemaking. Water issues are necessary to build US democracy around the world.
DABELKO 05 Director, Envt’l Change & Security Program Woodrow Wilson Int’l Center for Scholars
[Geoffrey D., “Congressional Testimony: Water and Sanitation,” www.wilsoncenter.org/news/docs/testimonyHR1973.doc]
The increasing scarcity and declining ……………the water from the Jordan and Yarmuk rivers.
Democracy Stops Nuclear War
Muravchik 01 Resident Scholar – American Enterprise Institute
[Joshua, “Democracy and Nuclear Peace,” 7-11-01, Presented before the NPEC/IGCC Summer Faculty Seminar, UC-San Diego, www.npec-web.org/syllabi/muravchik.htm]
Moreover, while the criteria for judging a state democratic vary, ……………. the prospects for democracy may be still more remote.
Soft power is the biggest impact in the round– its key to solving all the world’s problems and providing stability to the world by maintaining the rise of other regional powers and making the spread of hard power more peaceful –any other approach fails.
Nye 02 dean of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government
[Joseph, 12-28, “A Whole New Ball Game,” http://www.ksg.harvard.edu/news/opeds/2002/nye_ballgame_ft_122802.htm]
The paradox of American power is that world politics …………..was true of the early stages of his administration.
US Soft power will allow the US to trade with other countries and prevent economic decline
Nye 02 dean of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government
[Joseph, 12-28, “A Whole New Ball Game,” http://www.ksg.harvard.edu/news/opeds/2002/nye_ballgame_ft_122802.htm]
The paradox of American power is that ………….. address these shared threats and challenges.
Economic collapse causes extinction
Mead 04
Walter Mead, Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, March/April, 2004 America's Sticky Power, Foreign Policy, Proquest
Similarly, in the last 60 years, as ………………..U.S.-Chinese conflict is less likely to occur.
Free trade promotes peace and decreases the likelihood of war—empirically proven
Griswold 98
Griswold, Associated Director of the Center for Trade Policy Studies at the CATO Institute, 98 (Daniel, “Peace on Earth, Free Trade for Men,” 31 Dec, http://www.cato.org/dailys/12-31-98.html)
Advocates of free trade have long argued that its ………….. nations that did not pursue a policy of free trade.
Increasing US soft power is key to preventing a major terrorist attack on US soil
MOREY 02 Prof of Int’l Affairs @ Columbia
[David E., “The battle for hearts and minds; U.S. public diplomacy should be more than public relations,” The San-Diego Union Tribune]
Today, it is a truism to say the world has become …………. explain our national policies only to world leaders.
And- A terrorist attack causes inter-state nuclear war
Speice 06 JD 2006 College of William and Mary
[Patrick, 47 Wm and Mary L. Rev. 1427, lexis]
Organizations such as the Russian …………….. escalate to the use of nuclear weapons. 53
Also, Anti-Americanism sparks prolif
Jentleson 2k
(Bruce, professor of public policy and political science at Duke University, served as a senior foreign policy advisor to Vice President Al Gore “American foreign policy: the dynamics of choice in the 21st century,” p. 292)
This leads us to the third change, which is greater ……………… suits and equipment against chemical weapons.
Prolif will trigger preemptive nuclear wars around the planet
Utgoff 02- Deputy Director of Strategy, Forces, and Resources Division of Institute for Defense Analysis
[Victor A., “Proliferation, Missile Defence and American Ambitions,” Survival, Summer, p. 87-90] bg
Further, the large number of states that became capable of ……………………….. of a sheriff’s posse, even in the face of nuclear threats.
Lack of US credibility prevents India-Pakistan peace initiatives
Bose 03
(Ajoy, senior journalist who has reported for The Sunday Observer and The Pioneer, Sept 29, 2003, “INDIA: AUTHOR NOTES FUTILITY OF PURSUING SUMMIT-LEVEL MEETING WITH PAKISTAN NOW,” The Pioneer, lexis)
What has further complicated matters is …………….. and bolts which would push it forward.
Indo-Pak war over Kashmir is the most likely chance of extinction
Fai 01
[Dr. Ghulam Nabi, Executive Director of the Washington-based Kashmiri American Council “India Pakistan Summit and the Issue of Kashmir,” 7/8, Washington Times, http://www.pakistanlink.com/Letters/2001/July/13/05.html]
The foreign policy of the United States …………………. an impending Fissile Material/Cut-off Convention.
Contention 3- Solvency
Water policies are vital to increase US credibility and overcoming our poor image abroad- makes the US look good. Also, if the US plays a more assertive role in water assistance we can solve for the economy, water development technologies, and conflict over resources abroad.
PETERSON 6 – 21 – 07 The Senior VP of CSIS
(Erik, “Below the Surface: U.S. International Water Policy,” http://209.85.135.104/search?q=cache:yAYFnQcQrUAJ:www.csis.org/component/option,com_csis_progj/task,view/id,969/+U.S.+Leadership+Water+Africa&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=10&gl=us)
<As we scan the more distant time horizons, the dimensions …………….will to put a far-sighted strategy into place.>
Lack of clean water is killing millions in Africa and exacerbating conflicts – US action is key
DABELKO 6 – 29 – 05 Director, Envt’l Change & Security ProgramWoodrow Wilson Int’l Center for Scholars
[Geoffrey D., “Congressional Testimony: Water and Sanitation,” www.wilsoncenter.org/news/docs/testimonyHR1973.doc]
We are all aware of the devastation wrought by …………………. donors are still doing too little to address the water crisis.
The US is the only capable actor on water- we will be modeled and be able to coordinate other countries. The Water for the Poor act was a first step – but funding and implementing are vital to eliminating the water crisis
Keating 3/22/06 Research Associate, Global Strategy Institute, Center for Strategic and Int’l Studies
[Laura, “Water Makes Sense,” Global Strategy Institute of CSIS, http://www.csis.org/component/option,com_csis_progj/task,view/id,573/]
It is only fitting that on this thirteenth World Water Day ………………l water challenges and a clear set of policy guidelines.
1AC
And, a commitment to public health assistance through a water policy to Africa south of the Sahara is vital to ending water scarcity. Only US action can solve for global prioritization, transparency, equity, coordination, capacity building, and sustainability.
Lochery 5/16/07 Water Team Director for CARE
[Peter, “Beyond the Status Quo: Bringing Down Barriers to Water and Sanitation Provision in Africa through Implementation of the Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act Testimony before the United States House of Representatives Committee on Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Africa and Global Health,” http://www.care.org/newsroom/articles/2007/05/lochery_water_testimony.pdf]
Access to safe water and sanitation is as fundamental to ……………. in a sector that has been sidelined for far too long.
The United States is vital to find a global solution to water shortages – a commitment would help to coordinate key agencies that take advantage of unique U.S. knowledge – and any other actor won’t be able to coordinate other governments, US agencies, and NGO’s to piggy-back off of each other and insure sustainable success.
C.S.I.S. 05 Center for Strategic Int’l Studies – Sandia National Laboratory
[“Global Water Futures: Addressing Our Global Water Future,” 9/30/05, White Paper, http://www.sandia.gov/water/docs/CSIS-SNL_OGWF_9-28-05.PDF]
As the United States faces its own ……………. objectives to maintain peace and prosperity at home and abroad.
Your funding DAs don’t link- Congress is already making calls to increase water quality to Africa—there is just lack of action because funds are misdirected to the Middle East
Blumenauer 5/16/07 Representative – House Ways & Means Committee – leading congressional Water Expert
[Earl, “Hearing of the Subcommittee on Africa and global health of the house committee on foreign affairs” Federal News Service]
Our legislation was supposed to be the first ……………. I find it shocking. I find it incomprehensible.
Bush is quadrupling foreign aid now
AFP 2-5
(“US boosts foreign aid as part of international security drive, P. Lexis)
US foreign aid will rise 12 percent to 20.3 billion dollars …………….assistance to the continent since Bush became president in 2001.