Round 4 v. kinkaid (landmines aff)

D/A sites



Ryan ‘07 [Orla, “More United Africa Could Mean Fewer Refugees”, July 2,
http://africa.reuters.com/top/news/usnBAN223614.html, accessed 7/2/07]

Gawanas, Commissioner of Social Affairs for the African Union Commission, ‘06 [Bience, “African Union and Health Care
Challenges for Africa”, July/August, http://www.hollerafrica.com/showArticle.php?artId=174&catId=1, accessed 7/2/07]

Dembele, director of the African Forum for Alternatives, ‘07 [Demba Moussa, “The United States of Africa”, April 4,
http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/features/40573, accessed 7/2/07]

Tshiyembe ‘00 [Mwayila, “Would a United States of Africa Work?”, September, http://mondediplo.com/2000/09/12africa,
accessed 7/2/07]


K sites

America’s relationship to Africa is instructed by images of otherness. Our ideological frame of Africa is saturated by representations of conflict, disease, and the permanent affliction of catastrophe and chaos, policymakers can’t help but solidify the dehumanizing frame for intervention these images demand.
WALLACE 5, PHD STUDENT – ANTHROPOLOGY – OXFORD
[JAMIE, “AMERICAN PERCEPTIONS OF AFRICA BASED ON MEDIA REPRESENTATIONS”, 2005, http://www.hollerafrica.com/showArticle.php?artId=101&catId=1]

Our language and representations have real world ramifications. The attachment to images of African catastrophe castigates Africans to a permanent global underclass. Africans become the objects of a genocidal process of dehumanization that’s grounded history’s most extreme atrocities and interventions.

SANKORE 5, EDITOR – INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF JOURNALISTS – AFRICA AND COORDINATOR – FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION AND ASSOCIATED RIGHTS IN AFRICA, 2005
[ROTIMI, “The Pitfalls and Consequences of Development 'Pornography'”, http://www.bond.org.uk/networker/2005/april05/opinion.htm]

Our criticism short circuits your solvency. Images of suffering make people turn away ignoring the suffering that is actually taking place.

MOELLER 99’ (Susan D. Moeller Compassion Fatigue : How the Media Sells Disease, Famine, War and Death. London, UK: Routledge, 1999. pg. 36 )


Text: My partner and I advocate the rejection of not only the affirmatives negative representations of Africa.
MEZZANA 5, SOCIOLOGIST AND RESERARCHER – CERFE GROUP AFRICAN RESEARCH, 2005 [DANIELE, “A CANCEROUS IMAGE”, http://www.africansocieties.org/n4/eng/Dossier.htm]

Our criticism is a precondition to assistance. An elevated focus on representation is a prerequisite to any policy discussion in the context of Africa
HAWK 92, EDITOR AND ASST. PROF – POLITICAL SCIENCE – ALABAMA-BIRMINGHAM, 1992 [BEVERLY, Africa’s Media Image, pgs. 4-5]