Recent Changes

Official Caselist of Montgomery Bell Academy's Southern Bell Form
Questions or submissions, please email me

Specifically its us assistance
Patrick, 12/11/07 chinaaff.blogspot.com email to author “thanks for your query….this is my instinct”
an advocate
Cida 6 acdi-cida.gc.ca “bilateral assistance refers to….recipient government organizations”
Wm: shinn is our adv and nm is contracting pha
Health workers
Ahca 07 govtrack.us “the president is authorized to provide assistance…human health care capacity”
Family planning
Gao 97 “usaid’s office of population manages a substantial….participating cooperating agencies”
Disease surveillance
Africa is the newest arena for ameircan expansion of power
Lee, 11/19/07 the nation “with little scrutiny from democrats….25 percent by 2015”
a voice,
Chesterman, 97 melbourne journal of politics “today confronted by the hope and terror…..are no foreigners”
Security is a justification for intervening and control Africa guarantees an endless cycle of wars to keep secure
Bates Gill
“China’s new strategic partnership…intensifying economic and political competition inherently raise tensions.”
1ac cites
Damien China 1AC Cites
Observation One: The Status Quo
First, China is racing to increase aid, investment, and influence in Africa. They view it as a critical national security objective.
Gill, Freeman Chair in China Studies at the Center for International Studies, 2K7 (Bates, “Assessing China’s Growing Influence in Africa,” China Security, Summer, Volume 3, Number 3)
Second, The U.S. is also massively increasing its aid and influence in Africa
Gill, Freeman Chair in China Studies at the Center for International Studies, 2K7 (Bates, “Assessing China’s Growing Influence in Africa,” China Security, Summer, Volume 3, Number 3)
Third, The problem is that there is no substantial cooperation between the two.
Gill, Freeman Chair in China Studies at the CSIS, 2K7 (Bates, “China’s Expanding Role in Africa: Implications for the United States,” A Report of the CSIS Delegation to China on China-Africa-U.S. Relations, January, http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/chinainafrica.pdf)
Plan: The United States federal government should pass legislation substantially increasing assistance to topically designated areas through the provision of grants for Chinese Provincial Health Bureau Medical Team programs in topically designated areas.
Advantage One: Medical Teams
First, Lack of U.S. funding collapses China’s ability to send medical teams.
Shinn, former ambassador to Burkina Faso & Ethiopia & Professor at Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University, 2K6 (David, “Out of the Box Idea: China, Africa, and the United States Health Care Cooperation,” Washington Journal of Modern China, Volume 8, Number 1, Spring/Summer)
(Shinn continued)
Second, Medical teams are critical to China’s ability to build good-will in Africa and allow them to open new export markets. Africa is critical to China’s future.
Gu, Chair of East Asian Politics & Director of the Institute of East Asian Politics at Bochum University in Germany, 2K5 (von Wuewu, “China Returns To Africa,” Trends East Asia Study, Number 9, February, http://www.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/oaw/poa/pdf/TEA%20S9.pdf)
Third, Exports are critical to sustaining Chinese economic growth. The alternative is collapse.
Stratfor 9-20-2K7 (“Global Market Brief: Major Economies' Recession-Fighting Tools,” http://www.stratfor.com
/products/premium/read_article.php?id=295584)
That causes World War Three
Plate, Prof at UCLA, 6-28-2K3 (Tom, “Neo-Cons A Bigger Risk to Bush Than China”, Straits Times)
That’s the biggest risk of nuclear war
Knight Ridder 3-10-2K (“Top administration officials warn stakes for U.S. are high in Asian conflicts”)
Advantage Two: China
Africa is a critical test case for U.S. Sino aid collaboration. Now is the time to offer China a bigger stake in setting the foreign aid and global health agenda.
Kurlantzick, Visiting Scholar in the China Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2K6 (Joshua, “Beijing’s Safari: China’s Move into Africa and Its Implications for Aid, Development, and Governance,” Carnegie Endowment Policy Outlook, Number 29, November, http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/kurlantzick_
outlook_africa2.pdf)
(Kurlantzick continued)
Second, It’s a critical time to reengage China and solidify cooperation
Hills, former U.S. Trade Representative, 4-26-2K7 (Carla, “Engaging the New China,” International Herald Tribune)
Scenario One: Cold War
First, The plan is critical to building the healthy development of U.S. – Sino relations
Wenping, Researcher with the Institute of West Asian & African Studies at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 4-10-2K7 (He, “SINO-US COOPERATION CAN BENEFIT AFRICA EVEN MORE,” China Daily)
Second, The plan is critical to building broad-based cooperation with China across the world
Gill, Freeman Chair in China Studies at the Center for International Studies, 2K7 (Bates, “Assessing China’s Growing Influence in Africa,” China Security, Summer, Volume 3, Number 3)
Third, Cooperation on health in Africa is a litmus-test for the entire U.S. – Sino relationship. If we can’t cooperate there, we won’t be able to cooperate anywhere.
Kurlantzick, Visiting Scholar in China Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 11-9-2K6 (Joshua, Continental Shift", The American Prospect, http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=continental_shift)
Last, Strong U.S. – Sino relations and cooperation prevents extinction. Cooperation is the only way to solve economic stability, terrorism, crime, prolif, and disease spread.
Wenzhong, PRC Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2-7-2K4 (Zhou, “Vigorously Pushing Forward the Constructive and Cooperative Relationship Between China and the United States,” http://china-japan21.org/eng/zxxx/t64286.htm)
Scenario Two: Hot War
First, Increasing health cooperation is critical to avoiding a strategic trap in Africa. Lack of cooperation ensures that mutual suspicions will cause U.S. – Sino conflict.
Gill, Freeman Chair in China Studies at the CSIS, 2K7 (Bates, “China’s Expanding Role in Africa: Implications for the United States,” A Report of the CSIS Delegation to China on China-Africa-U.S. Relations, January, http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/chinainafrica.pdf)
Second, The focus on securing oil ensures that lack of cooperation escalates to a full geo-strategic conflict between the U.S. and China.
Hatemi, Professor at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2K7 (Peter, “Oil and Conflict in Sino-American Relations,” China Security, Summer, Volume 3, Number 3)
Third, The plan is critical to building the overall strategic relationship. It prevents misunderstandings and miscalculations from escalating.
Garrett, Director of Asia Programs and former consultant to the DOD, 2K4 (Banning, “U.S.-China Cooperation on the Problem of Failing States and Transnational Threats, USIP Special Report, Special Report Number 126, http://www.usip.org/pubs/specialreports/sr126.html)
Fourth, The risk of miscalculation is high. Even in a world where nobody wants a war, absent better cooperation, increased U.S. assistance will be misperceived. It will cause a miscalculated conflict between the U.S. and China.
Hatemi, Professor at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2K7 (Peter, “Oil and Conflict in Sino-American Relations,” China Security, Summer, Volume 3, Number 3)
Conflict escalates and causes nuclear war
Johnson, Journalist, 5-14-2K1 (Chalmers, “Time to Bring the Troops Home,” The Nation, Volume 272, Number 19)
And, It destroys civilization
Cheong, Journalist, 2K1 (China, Will Taiwan Break Away? The Rise of Taiwanese Nationalism, p. 7)
Observation Two: Solvency
First, the plan increases the number of Chinese Medical Teams solving African health problems and boosts U.S. - Sino relations
Shinn, former ambassador to Burkina Faso & Ethiopia & Professor at Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University, 2K6 (David, “Out of the Box Idea: China, Africa, and the United States Health Care Cooperation,” Washington Journal of Modern China, Volume 8, Number 1, Spring/Summer)
Second, the plan is necessary to build strategic trust between the U.S. and China – Which is the only way to ensure the success of other strategies of engagement.
Frost, Research Fellow at Institute for National Strategic Studies at the National Defense University, Visiting Fellow at the Institute for International Economics, former Counselor to the USTR, 2K4 (Dr. Ellen, “Preventing State Failure: Steps Toward Closer Cooperation Between China and the United States,” Presented at The U.S.-China Conference on Areas of Instability and Emerging Threats, http://www.acus.org/docs/0402-Preventing_State_Failure_Closer_Cooperation_China_United_States.pdf)
Third, Arguments about whether Chinese aid is good or bad are irrelevant. We can’t kick China out even if we wanted to.
Amosu, Senior Policy Analyst for Africa at the Open Society Institute, 3-9-2K7 (Akwe, “China in Africa: It’s (Still) the Governance, Stupid,” FPIF Discussion Paper, http://www.fpif.org/fpiftxt/4068)
The plan is topical. It is U.S. public health assistance provided through grant partners to sub-Saharan Africa. They will not have a better card than this.
US AID (last updated – no publication date) 11-5-2K7 (“Doing Business With USAID, http://eastafrica.usaid.gov/(S
(jvgokw55xspaxr55nt1c3x55))/en/Page.DoingBusiness.aspx)
And, This is consistent with how aid actually works. Most aid is given through third parties.
Engber, Slate Magazine Contributing Columnist, 5-26-2K5 (Daniel, consulted with Steve Radlet of the Center for Global Development & Roslyn Matthews of USAD for the article, “Do Governments Take Checks?: How the United States gives foreign aid,” http://www.slate.com/id/2119648/)
Last, Our policy of engagement is not a strategy of appeasement. It is the only way to ensure that China becomes a responsible stakeholder in the international system while protecting our interests
Perry, Former Secretary of Defense, 10-30-95 (William, “U.S. Strategy: Engage China, Not Contain It,” Remarks as delivered by Secretary of Defense William H. Perry to the Washington State China Relations Council, http://www.fas.org/news/china/1995/di10109.htm)
(Perry continued)

Specifically its us assistance
Patrick, 12/11/07 chinaaff.blogspot.com email to author “thanks for your query….this is my instinct”
an advocate
Cida 6 acdi-cida.gc.ca “bilateral assistance refers to….recipient government organizations”
Wm: shinn is our adv and nm is contracting pha
Health workers
Ahca 07 govtrack.us “the president is authorized to provide assistance…human health care capacity”
Family planning
Gao 97 “usaid’s office of population manages a substantial….participating cooperating agencies”
Disease surveillance
Africa is the newest arena for ameircan expansion of power
Lee, 11/19/07 the nation “with little scrutiny from democrats….25 percent by 2015”
a voice,
Chesterman, 97 melbourne journal of politics “today confronted by the hope and terror…..are no foreigners”
Security is a justification for intervening and control Africa guarantees an endless cycle of wars to keep secure
Bates Gill
“China’s new strategic partnership…intensifying economic and political competition inherently raise tensions.”
1ac with full cites
Damien China 1AC Cites
[[#_Toc190268372|Observation One: The Status Quo]]
[[#_Toc190268373|First, China is racing to increase aid, investment, and influence in Africa. They view it as a critical national security objective.]]
[[#_Toc190268374|Gill, Freeman Chair in China Studies at the Center for International Studies, 2K7 (Bates, “Assessing China’s Growing Influence in Africa,” China Security, Summer, Volume 3, Number 3)]]
[[#_Toc190268375|Second, The U.S. is also massively increasing its aid and influence in Africa]]
[[#_Toc190268376|Gill, Freeman Chair in China Studies at the Center for International Studies, 2K7 (Bates, “Assessing China’s Growing Influence in Africa,” China Security, Summer, Volume 3, Number 3)]]
[[#_Toc190268377|Third, The problem is that there is no substantial cooperation between the two.]]
[[#_Toc190268378|Gill, Freeman Chair in China Studies at the CSIS, 2K7 (Bates, “China’s Expanding Role in Africa: Implications for the United States,” A Report of the CSIS Delegation to China on China-Africa-U.S. Relations, January, http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/chinainafrica.pdf)]]
Plan: The United States federal government should pass legislation substantially increasing assistance to topically designated areas through the provision of grants for Chinese Provincial Health Bureau Medical Team programs in topically designated areas.
[[#_Toc190268380|Advantage One: Medical Teams]]
[[#_Toc190268381|First, Lack of U.S. funding collapses China’s ability to send medical teams.]]
[[#_Toc190268382|Shinn, former ambassador to Burkina Faso & Ethiopia & Professor at Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University, 2K6 (David, “Out of the Box Idea: China, Africa, and the United States Health Care Cooperation,” Washington Journal of Modern China, Volume 8, Number 1, Spring/Summer)]]
[[#_Toc190268383|(Shinn continued)]]
[[#_Toc190268384|Second, Medical teams are critical to China’s ability to build good-will in Africa and allow them to open new export markets. Africa is critical to China’s future.]]
[[#_Toc190268385|Gu, Chair of East Asian Politics & Director of the Institute of East Asian Politics at Bochum University in Germany, 2K5 (von Wuewu, “China Returns To Africa,” Trends East Asia Study, Number 9, February, http://www.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/oaw/poa/pdf/TEA%20S9.pdf)]]
[[#_Toc190268386|Third, Exports are critical to sustaining Chinese economic growth. The alternative is collapse.]]
[[#_Toc190268387|Stratfor 9-20-2K7 (“Global Market Brief: Major Economies' Recession-Fighting Tools,” http://www.stratfor.com]]
[[#_Toc190268388|/products/premium/read_article.php?id=295584)]]
[[#_Toc190268389|That causes World War Three]]
[[#_Toc190268390|Plate, Prof at UCLA, 6-28-2K3 (Tom, “Neo-Cons A Bigger Risk to Bush Than China”, Straits Times)]]
[[#_Toc190268391|That’s the biggest risk of nuclear war]]
[[#_Toc190268392|Knight Ridder 3-10-2K (“Top administration officials warn stakes for U.S. are high in Asian conflicts”)]]
[[#_Toc190268399|Advantage Two: China]]
[[#_Toc190268400|Africa is a critical test case for U.S. Sino aid collaboration. Now is the time to offer China a bigger stake in setting the foreign aid and global health agenda.]]
[[#_Toc190268401|Kurlantzick, Visiting Scholar in the China Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2K6 (Joshua, “Beijing’s Safari: China’s Move into Africa and Its Implications for Aid, Development, and Governance,” Carnegie Endowment Policy Outlook, Number 29, November, http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/kurlantzick_]]
[[#_Toc190268402|outlook_africa2.pdf)]]
[[#_Toc190268403|(Kurlantzick continued)]]
[[#_Toc190268404|Second, It’s a critical time to reengage China and solidify cooperation]]
[[#_Toc190268405|Hills, former U.S. Trade Representative, 4-26-2K7 (Carla, “Engaging the New China,” International Herald Tribune)]]
[[#_Toc190268406|Scenario One: Cold War]]
[[#_Toc190268407|First, The plan is critical to building the healthy development of U.S. – Sino relations]]
[[#_Toc190268408|Wenping, Researcher with the Institute of West Asian & African Studies at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 4-10-2K7 (He, “SINO-US COOPERATION CAN BENEFIT AFRICA EVEN MORE,” China Daily)]]
[[#_Toc190268409|Second, The plan is critical to building broad-based cooperation with China across the world]]
[[#_Toc190268410|Gill, Freeman Chair in China Studies at the Center for International Studies, 2K7 (Bates, “Assessing China’s Growing Influence in Africa,” China Security, Summer, Volume 3, Number 3)]]
[[#_Toc190268411|Third, Cooperation on health in Africa is a litmus-test for the entire U.S. – Sino relationship. If we can’t cooperate there, we won’t be able to cooperate anywhere.]]
[[#_Toc190268412|Kurlantzick, Visiting Scholar in China Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 11-9-2K6 (Joshua, Continental Shift", The American Prospect, http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=continental_shift)]]
[[#_Toc190268413|Last, Strong U.S. – Sino relations and cooperation prevents extinction. Cooperation is the only way to solve economic stability, terrorism, crime, prolif, and disease spread.]]
[[#_Toc190268414|Wenzhong, PRC Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2-7-2K4 (Zhou, “Vigorously Pushing Forward the Constructive and Cooperative Relationship Between China and the United States,” http://china-japan21.org/eng/zxxx/t64286.htm)]]
[[#_Toc190268415|Scenario Two: Hot War]]
[[#_Toc190268416|First, Increasing health cooperation is critical to avoiding a strategic trap in Africa. Lack of cooperation ensures that mutual suspicions will cause U.S. – Sino conflict.]]
[[#_Toc190268417|Gill, Freeman Chair in China Studies at the CSIS, 2K7 (Bates, “China’s Expanding Role in Africa: Implications for the United States,” A Report of the CSIS Delegation to China on China-Africa-U.S. Relations, January, http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/chinainafrica.pdf)]]
[[#_Toc190268418|Second, The focus on securing oil ensures that lack of cooperation escalates to a full geo-strategic conflict between the U.S. and China.]]
[[#_Toc190268419|Hatemi, Professor at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2K7 (Peter, “Oil and Conflict in Sino-American Relations,” China Security, Summer, Volume 3, Number 3)]]
[[#_Toc190268420|Third, The plan is critical to building the overall strategic relationship. It prevents misunderstandings and miscalculations from escalating.]]
[[#_Toc190268421|Garrett, Director of Asia Programs and former consultant to the DOD, 2K4 (Banning, “U.S.-China Cooperation on the Problem of Failing States and Transnational Threats, USIP Special Report, Special Report Number 126, http://www.usip.org/pubs/specialreports/sr126.html)]]
[[#_Toc190268422|Fourth, The risk of miscalculation is high. Even in a world where nobody wants a war, absent better cooperation, increased U.S. assistance will be misperceived. It will cause a miscalculated conflict between the U.S. and China.]]
[[#_Toc190268423|Hatemi, Professor at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2K7 (Peter, “Oil and Conflict in Sino-American Relations,” China Security, Summer, Volume 3, Number 3)]]
[[#_Toc190268424|Conflict escalates and causes nuclear war]]
[[#_Toc190268425|Johnson, Journalist, 5-14-2K1 (Chalmers, “Time to Bring the Troops Home,” The Nation, Volume 272, Number 19)]]
[[#_Toc190268426|And, It destroys civilization]]
[[#_Toc190268427|Cheong, Journalist, 2K1 (China, Will Taiwan Break Away? The Rise of Taiwanese Nationalism, p. 7)]]
[[#_Toc190268428|Observation Two: Solvency]]
[[#_Toc190268429|First, the plan increases the number of Chinese Medical Teams solving African health problems and boosts U.S. - Sino relations]]
[[#_Toc190268430|Shinn, former ambassador to Burkina Faso & Ethiopia & Professor at Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University, 2K6 (David, “Out of the Box Idea: China, Africa, and the United States Health Care Cooperation,” Washington Journal of Modern China, Volume 8, Number 1, Spring/Summer)]]
[[#_Toc190268431|Second, the plan is necessary to build strategic trust between the U.S. and China – Which is the only way to ensure the success of other strategies of engagement.]]
[[#_Toc190268432|Frost, Research Fellow at Institute for National Strategic Studies at the National Defense University, Visiting Fellow at the Institute for International Economics, former Counselor to the USTR, 2K4 (Dr. Ellen, “Preventing State Failure: Steps Toward Closer Cooperation Between China and the United States,” Presented at The U.S.-China Conference on Areas of Instability and Emerging Threats, http://www.acus.org/docs/0402-Preventing_State_Failure_Closer_Cooperation_China_United_States.pdf)]]
[[#_Toc190268433|Third, Arguments about whether Chinese aid is good or bad are irrelevant. We can’t kick China out even if we wanted to.]]
[[#_Toc190268434|Amosu, Senior Policy Analyst for Africa at the Open Society Institute, 3-9-2K7 (Akwe, “China in Africa: It’s (Still) the Governance, Stupid,” FPIF Discussion Paper, http://www.fpif.org/fpiftxt/4068)]]
[[#_Toc190268435|The plan is topical. It is U.S. public health assistance provided through grant partners to sub-Saharan Africa. They will not have a better card than this.]]
[[#_Toc190268436|US AID (last updated – no publication date) 11-5-2K7 (“Doing Business With USAID, http://eastafrica.usaid.gov/(S]]
[[#_Toc190268437|(jvgokw55xspaxr55nt1c3x55))/en/Page.DoingBusiness.aspx)]]
[[#_Toc190268438|And, This is consistent with how aid actually works. Most aid is given through third parties.]]
[[#_Toc190268439|Engber, Slate Magazine Contributing Columnist, 5-26-2K5 (Daniel, consulted with Steve Radlet of the Center for Global Development & Roslyn Matthews of USAD for the article, “Do Governments Take Checks?: How the United States gives foreign aid,” http://www.slate.com/id/2119648/)]]
[[#_Toc190268440|Last, Our policy of engagement is not a strategy of appeasement. It is the only way to ensure that China becomes a responsible stakeholder in the international system while protecting our interests]]
[[#_Toc190268441|Perry, Former Secretary of Defense, 10-30-95 (William, “U.S. Strategy: Engage China, Not Contain It,” Remarks as delivered by Secretary of Defense William H. Perry to the Washington State China Relations Council, http://www.fas.org/news/china/1995/di10109.htm)]]
[[#_Toc190268442|(Perry continued)]]

Specifically its us assistance
Patrick, 12/11/07 chinaaff.blogspot.com email to author “thanks for your query….this is my instinct”
an advocate
Cida 6 acdi-cida.gc.ca “bilateral assistance refers to….recipient government organizations”
Wm: shinn is our adv and nm is contracting pha
Health workers
Ahca 07 govtrack.us “the president is authorized to provide assistance…human health care capacity”
Family planning
Gao 97 “usaid’s office of population manages a substantial….participating cooperating agencies”
Disease surveillance
Africa is the newest arena for ameircan expansion of power
Lee, 11/19/07 the nation “with little scrutiny from democrats….25 percent by 2015”
a voice,
Chesterman, 97 melbourne journal of politics “today confronted by the hope and terror…..are no foreigners”
Security is a justification for intervening and control Africa guarantees an endless cycle of wars to keep secure
Bates Gill
“China’s new strategic partnership…intensifying economic and political competition inherently raise tensions.”
1ac with full cites
Damien China 1AC Cites
[[#_Toc190268372|Observation One: The Status Quo]]
[[#_Toc190268373|First, China is racing to increase aid, investment, and influence in Africa. They view it as a critical national security objective.]]
[[#_Toc190268374|Gill, Freeman Chair in China Studies at the Center for International Studies, 2K7 (Bates, “Assessing China’s Growing Influence in Africa,” China Security, Summer, Volume 3, Number 3)]]
[[#_Toc190268375|Second, The U.S. is also massively increasing its aid and influence in Africa]]
[[#_Toc190268376|Gill, Freeman Chair in China Studies at the Center for International Studies, 2K7 (Bates, “Assessing China’s Growing Influence in Africa,” China Security, Summer, Volume 3, Number 3)]]
[[#_Toc190268377|Third, The problem is that there is no substantial cooperation between the two.]]
[[#_Toc190268378|Gill, Freeman Chair in China Studies at the CSIS, 2K7 (Bates, “China’s Expanding Role in Africa: Implications for the United States,” A Report of the CSIS Delegation to China on China-Africa-U.S. Relations, January, http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/chinainafrica.pdf)]]
Plan: The United States federal government should pass legislation substantially increasing assistance to topically designated areas through the provision of grants for Chinese Provincial Health Bureau Medical Team programs in topically designated areas.
[[#_Toc190268380|Advantage One: Medical Teams]]
[[#_Toc190268381|First, Lack of U.S. funding collapses China’s ability to send medical teams.]]
[[#_Toc190268382|Shinn, former ambassador to Burkina Faso & Ethiopia & Professor at Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University, 2K6 (David, “Out of the Box Idea: China, Africa, and the United States Health Care Cooperation,” Washington Journal of Modern China, Volume 8, Number 1, Spring/Summer)]]
[[#_Toc190268383|(Shinn continued)]]
[[#_Toc190268384|Second, Medical teams are critical to China’s ability to build good-will in Africa and allow them to open new export markets. Africa is critical to China’s future.]]
[[#_Toc190268385|Gu, Chair of East Asian Politics & Director of the Institute of East Asian Politics at Bochum University in Germany, 2K5 (von Wuewu, “China Returns To Africa,” Trends East Asia Study, Number 9, February, http://www.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/oaw/poa/pdf/TEA%20S9.pdf)]]
[[#_Toc190268386|Third, Exports are critical to sustaining Chinese economic growth. The alternative is collapse.]]
[[#_Toc190268387|Stratfor 9-20-2K7 (“Global Market Brief: Major Economies' Recession-Fighting Tools,” http://www.stratfor.com]]
[[#_Toc190268388|/products/premium/read_article.php?id=295584)]]
[[#_Toc190268389|That causes World War Three]]
[[#_Toc190268390|Plate, Prof at UCLA, 6-28-2K3 (Tom, “Neo-Cons A Bigger Risk to Bush Than China”, Straits Times)]]
[[#_Toc190268391|That’s the biggest risk of nuclear war]]
[[#_Toc190268392|Knight Ridder 3-10-2K (“Top administration officials warn stakes for U.S. are high in Asian conflicts”)]]
[[#_Toc190268399|Advantage Two: China]]
[[#_Toc190268400|Africa is a critical test case for U.S. Sino aid collaboration. Now is the time to offer China a bigger stake in setting the foreign aid and global health agenda.]]
[[#_Toc190268401|Kurlantzick, Visiting Scholar in the China Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2K6 (Joshua, “Beijing’s Safari: China’s Move into Africa and Its Implications for Aid, Development, and Governance,” Carnegie Endowment Policy Outlook, Number 29, November, http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/kurlantzick_]]
[[#_Toc190268402|outlook_africa2.pdf)]]
[[#_Toc190268403|(Kurlantzick continued)]]
[[#_Toc190268404|Second, It’s a critical time to reengage China and solidify cooperation]]
[[#_Toc190268405|Hills, former U.S. Trade Representative, 4-26-2K7 (Carla, “Engaging the New China,” International Herald Tribune)]]
[[#_Toc190268406|Scenario One: Cold War]]
[[#_Toc190268407|First, The plan is critical to building the healthy development of U.S. – Sino relations]]
[[#_Toc190268408|Wenping, Researcher with the Institute of West Asian & African Studies at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 4-10-2K7 (He, “SINO-US COOPERATION CAN BENEFIT AFRICA EVEN MORE,” China Daily)]]
[[#_Toc190268409|Second, The plan is critical to building broad-based cooperation with China across the world]]
[[#_Toc190268410|Gill, Freeman Chair in China Studies at the Center for International Studies, 2K7 (Bates, “Assessing China’s Growing Influence in Africa,” China Security, Summer, Volume 3, Number 3)]]
[[#_Toc190268411|Third, Cooperation on health in Africa is a litmus-test for the entire U.S. – Sino relationship. If we can’t cooperate there, we won’t be able to cooperate anywhere.]]
[[#_Toc190268412|Kurlantzick, Visiting Scholar in China Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 11-9-2K6 (Joshua, Continental Shift", The American Prospect, http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=continental_shift)]]
[[#_Toc190268413|Last, Strong U.S. – Sino relations and cooperation prevents extinction. Cooperation is the only way to solve economic stability, terrorism, crime, prolif, and disease spread.]]
[[#_Toc190268414|Wenzhong, PRC Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2-7-2K4 (Zhou, “Vigorously Pushing Forward the Constructive and Cooperative Relationship Between China and the United States,” http://china-japan21.org/eng/zxxx/t64286.htm)]]
[[#_Toc190268415|Scenario Two: Hot War]]
[[#_Toc190268416|First, Increasing health cooperation is critical to avoiding a strategic trap in Africa. Lack of cooperation ensures that mutual suspicions will cause U.S. – Sino conflict.]]
[[#_Toc190268417|Gill, Freeman Chair in China Studies at the CSIS, 2K7 (Bates, “China’s Expanding Role in Africa: Implications for the United States,” A Report of the CSIS Delegation to China on China-Africa-U.S. Relations, January, http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/chinainafrica.pdf)]]
[[#_Toc190268418|Second, The focus on securing oil ensures that lack of cooperation escalates to a full geo-strategic conflict between the U.S. and China.]]
[[#_Toc190268419|Hatemi, Professor at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2K7 (Peter, “Oil and Conflict in Sino-American Relations,” China Security, Summer, Volume 3, Number 3)]]
[[#_Toc190268420|Third, The plan is critical to building the overall strategic relationship. It prevents misunderstandings and miscalculations from escalating.]]
[[#_Toc190268421|Garrett, Director of Asia Programs and former consultant to the DOD, 2K4 (Banning, “U.S.-China Cooperation on the Problem of Failing States and Transnational Threats, USIP Special Report, Special Report Number 126, http://www.usip.org/pubs/specialreports/sr126.html)]]
[[#_Toc190268422|Fourth, The risk of miscalculation is high. Even in a world where nobody wants a war, absent better cooperation, increased U.S. assistance will be misperceived. It will cause a miscalculated conflict between the U.S. and China.]]
[[#_Toc190268423|Hatemi, Professor at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2K7 (Peter, “Oil and Conflict in Sino-American Relations,” China Security, Summer, Volume 3, Number 3)]]
[[#_Toc190268424|Conflict escalates and causes nuclear war]]
[[#_Toc190268425|Johnson, Journalist, 5-14-2K1 (Chalmers, “Time to Bring the Troops Home,” The Nation, Volume 272, Number 19)]]
[[#_Toc190268426|And, It destroys civilization]]
[[#_Toc190268427|Cheong, Journalist, 2K1 (China, Will Taiwan Break Away? The Rise of Taiwanese Nationalism, p. 7)]]
[[#_Toc190268428|Observation Two: Solvency]]
[[#_Toc190268429|First, the plan increases the number of Chinese Medical Teams solving African health problems and boosts U.S. - Sino relations]]
[[#_Toc190268430|Shinn, former ambassador to Burkina Faso & Ethiopia & Professor at Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University, 2K6 (David, “Out of the Box Idea: China, Africa, and the United States Health Care Cooperation,” Washington Journal of Modern China, Volume 8, Number 1, Spring/Summer)]]
[[#_Toc190268431|Second, the plan is necessary to build strategic trust between the U.S. and China – Which is the only way to ensure the success of other strategies of engagement.]]
[[#_Toc190268432|Frost, Research Fellow at Institute for National Strategic Studies at the National Defense University, Visiting Fellow at the Institute for International Economics, former Counselor to the USTR, 2K4 (Dr. Ellen, “Preventing State Failure: Steps Toward Closer Cooperation Between China and the United States,” Presented at The U.S.-China Conference on Areas of Instability and Emerging Threats, http://www.acus.org/docs/0402-Preventing_State_Failure_Closer_Cooperation_China_United_States.pdf)]]
[[#_Toc190268433|Third, Arguments about whether Chinese aid is good or bad are irrelevant. We can’t kick China out even if we wanted to.]]
[[#_Toc190268434|Amosu, Senior Policy Analyst for Africa at the Open Society Institute, 3-9-2K7 (Akwe, “China in Africa: It’s (Still) the Governance, Stupid,” FPIF Discussion Paper, http://www.fpif.org/fpiftxt/4068)]]
[[#_Toc190268435|The plan is topical. It is U.S. public health assistance provided through grant partners to sub-Saharan Africa. They will not have a better card than this.]]
[[#_Toc190268436|US AID (last updated – no publication date) 11-5-2K7 (“Doing Business With USAID, http://eastafrica.usaid.gov/(S]]
[[#_Toc190268437|(jvgokw55xspaxr55nt1c3x55))/en/Page.DoingBusiness.aspx)]]
[[#_Toc190268438|And, This is consistent with how aid actually works. Most aid is given through third parties.]]
[[#_Toc190268439|Engber, Slate Magazine Contributing Columnist, 5-26-2K5 (Daniel, consulted with Steve Radlet of the Center for Global Development & Roslyn Matthews of USAD for the article, “Do Governments Take Checks?: How the United States gives foreign aid,” http://www.slate.com/id/2119648/)]]
[[#_Toc190268440|Last, Our policy of engagement is not a strategy of appeasement. It is the only way to ensure that China becomes a responsible stakeholder in the international system while protecting our interests]]
[[#_Toc190268441|Perry, Former Secretary of Defense, 10-30-95 (William, “U.S. Strategy: Engage China, Not Contain It,” Remarks as delivered by Secretary of Defense William H. Perry to the Washington State China Relations Council, http://www.fas.org/news/china/1995/di10109.htm)]]
[[#_Toc190268442|(Perry continued)]]

African Econ da
France should establish doc-in-a-box programs in Uganda
Round 6
Lexington v. Stratford
T – ONLY SSA
A. Interp - Resolution says only SSA
B. Violation - Aff targets all
C. Standards –
Limits
Ground
Key to Education and Fairness
Doc-in-Box CP
Text: The United States federal government should franchise and distribute doc-in-a-box facilities in Africa. The United States federal government should establish policy and implement necessary Supreme Court rulings that marriages between men and men or women and women are legitimate. The Untied States federal government should freeze all aid to the area designated by the resolution at status quo levels and cease establishment of African Command commonly known as AFRICOM.
Doc-In-Boxes can be franchised by NGOs to relieve overburdened health care systems
Garrett 2006 http://www.redorbit.com/news/health/541572/interview_a_onestop_healthcare_shop/
Q. Would this box be at…business of saving lives.
Dutch Disease DA (Net benefit)
China DA (Net benefit)
Anwar Ptx
2NR went for T

AT: Disease adv
AT: Heg adv
Team Name Neg Westminster
Round # 1
Vs Team: Newburgh Free
“A Deal with Russia on Arms control”, boston globe
“Second, we want to do what we can do...that our children will pay the price”
Westminster (Neg)
Round 4
Vs. WestminsterBishop Guertin
Judge: Sara Sanchez
1NC: 3 on, 3 off
The plan will collapse EU foreign policy – anti Americanism and foregn assistance are the glue that holds the EU together nd the plan destroys the EU as an effective global model
Melvin 5(“The United States of Europe”, lexis)
its emphasis…foreign policy,,policy" he said.
The EU model of governance is vital to forming transnational linkages between states – this deemphasizes the need for military force as a solution to conflict
Rifkin 4 (The Utne Reader, “The European Dream”, itssd.org)